Understanding Climate-Driven Phenological Change: Observations, Adaptations and Cultural Implications in Northeastern Siberia and Labrador/Nunatsiavut (PHENARC)

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该项目是一个跨学科的努力，系统地记录，建模和解释物理，生物和人类系统之间的关键联系，在不断变化的季节性（物候）的背景下，由于全球和当地的气候变化。根据CSAS的要求，PHENARC的主要研究目标是了解北极系统气候变化、改变的物候过程以及人类社会对这些变化的适应和反应之间的联系，以解释对未来的影响。项目？的首要研究问题是：i）什么是关键的季节性事件，形成一个组成部分的生态系统在PHENARC？西伯利亚东北部和拉布拉多的两个主要研究地区？ii）这些季节性事件是如何变化的，在这些研究地区发生了哪些具体的物候变化？iii）这些季节性事件的驱动因素是什么，它们如何涟漪/影响整个系统？（四）物候变化及其对生态系统的影响如何影响人们的时间安排？的生活和其他活动？（五）这些社会变化又如何影响更大的文化体系？为了回答这些问题，PHENARC将采用定性和定量的实地研究方法，回顾性调查和建模/综合技术。数据来源将包括：系统的气象观测;气候代用数据;历史文献记录;口述历史;以及从项目中对当代受访者的采访中得出的数据？两个研究领域。PHENARC建立在北极系统数据的坚实基础上，这些数据已经由项目PI在西伯利亚东北部的北极/亚北极地区和拉布拉多/努纳西亚武特地区建立，这两个北极地区以前没有被广泛研究过，提供了各种地形，生态系统和人类社区进行了强有力的比较研究。此外，各社区在文化和种族混合方面也各不相同。PHENARC代表了一种新的方法，通过将北极气候数据与来自两个不同北极地区农村土著社区的当地知识相结合，促进对气候与人类系统之间关键联系的认识。PHENARC涉及目标社区、区域和国家专家以及一个国际合作者和附属机构小组。通过调查两个不同的北极地区的季节性模式，每个家庭的混合和本地定居点的动态对比，并由此产生的跨尺度和国际边界的知识转移，PHENARC？的贡献，全球知识的承诺是相当大的高潜力，广泛传播新的知识，在北极气候和人类系统的季节性变化。该项目包括与当地社区居民的密切合作，其结果将在当地、区域和极地范围内广泛传播。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This project is an interdisciplinary effort to systematically document, model, and interpret key linkages between physical, biological and human systems in the context of changing seasonality (phenology) due to global and local climate change. In line with the CSAS solicitation, the primary research objective of PHENARC is to understand the linkages between Arctic system climate change, altered phenological processes, and adaptations and responses of human societies to these changes to decipher implications for the future. The project?s overarching research questions are: i) What are the key seasonal events that form an integral part of the ecosystems in PHENARC?s two main study areas of northeastern Siberia and Labrador?; ii) How are these seasonal events changing, and what specific phenological shifts are occurring in these study areas?; iii) What are the drivers of these seasonal events, and how do they ripple through/affect the entire system?; iv) How are phenological changes and their resulting ecosystem impacts affecting the timing of people?s subsistence and other activities?; v) How are these societal changes in turn affecting the larger cultural system? In order to answer such questions, PHENARC will employ qualitative and quantitative methods of field study, retrospective investigations, and modeling/synthesis techniques. Data sources will include: systematic meteorological observations; climate proxy data; documentary historical records; oral history; and data drawn from interviews with contemporary respondents in the project?s two study areas. PHENARC builds upon the solid foundation of Arctic systems data already established by the project PIs in the Arctic/Subarctic regions of northeastern Siberia and Labrador/Nunatsiavut, two arctic regions not extensively studied before, that provide a variety of terrains, and ecosystem and human communities for a robust comparative study. Additionally, the communities differ in cultural and ethnic mix. PHENARC represents a novel approach to advancing knowledge of key linkages between climate and human systems by integrating Arctic climate data with local knowledge drawn from rural native communities in two distinct arctic regions. PHENARC involves the targeted communities, regional and national specialists, and a team of international collaborators and affiliates. By investigating patterns of seasonality in two disparate arctic regions that are each home to a dynamic contrast of mixed and native settlements, and with a resulting potential transfer of knowledge across scales and international borders, PHENARC?s contribution to global knowledge promises to be considerable with high potential for disseminating widely new knowledge regarding changing seasonality in Arctic climate and human systems. Project is includes a close collaboration with local community residents and the results will be disseminated widely on local, regional, and circumpolar levels.