NSCC/SA: Engaging Intensely Adversarial States: The Strategic Limits and Potential of Public Diplomacy in U.S. National Security Policy

该奖项由国家安全、冲突和合作的社会和行为维度竞赛资助，这是NSF和国防部的合资企业。这个为期两年的研究项目将探索美国与敌对国家公众接触的挑战和机会，这些国家缺乏常规战争，美国与敌对政府保持有限的正式外交关系，甚至没有正式外交关系。该项目吸收了一系列学科和机构的专家，将系统地研究对理解美国外交政策和国家安全至关重要的十个历史和当代案例：苏联/俄罗斯、中国、越南、古巴、利比亚、叙利亚、委内瑞拉、缅甸、朝鲜和伊朗。这项研究将分析在外交准入有限的情况下，美国与这些敌对国家的公众接触的成本和收益，提供案例之间的理论和政策相关比较。此外，该项目将考察不同级别的外交代表是否以及如何影响美国与敌对国家及其公众接触的能力。该项目将评估有哪些选择，重点是峰会和其他高层会议、广播、媒体、文化和学生交流、体育访问以及军事信任建立措施等工具。总而言之，该项目将评估美国针对深度敌对国家民众的外交的局限性和潜力以及对国家安全政策的影响。

This award was funded through the Social and Behavioral Dimensions of National Security, Conflict, and Cooperation competition, a joint venture between NSF and the Department of Defense.This two-year research project will explore the challenges and opportunities for U.S. engagement with the publics of intensely adversarial states, where the situation is short of conventional war and the U.S. maintains limited or no formal diplomatic relations with the hostile government. Drawing on experts from a range of disciplines and institutions, the project will systematically examine ten historical and contemporary cases that are important to understanding U.S. foreign policy and national security: the USSR/Russia, China, Vietnam, Cuba, Libya, Syria, Venezuela, Burma, North Korea, and Iran. The research will analyze both the costs and benefits of U.S. engagement with the publics of these adversarial states under conditions of limited diplomatic access, providing theoretical and policy-relevant comparisons among the cases. In addition, the project will examine whether and how different levels of diplomatic representation impact the U.S.'s capacity to engage with the adversary state and its publics. It will assess what options are available, focusing on such instruments as summits and other high level meetings, broadcasting, the media, cultural and student exchanges, sporting visits, and military confidence-building measures. In sum, the project will evaluate the limits and potential of U.S. diplomacy directed at the populations of deeply hostile states and the implications for national security policy.