Collaborative Research: The North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: The Growth of Continental Transform Basins

最近国际上对马尔马拉海的关注导致了浅层、高分辨率的地震调查，这些地震调查绘制了断层和沉积物破裂的地表和近地表痕迹，以及深穿透、低分辨率的多通道地震调查，绘制了深盆地和地壳结构的图像。2008年7月，支持者在马尔马拉获得了2700公里的高分辨率MCS反射数据，填补了这些数据集之间的分辨率差距。目前提出的研究将支持对现有资料的继续分析和解释，以重建马尔马拉近100万年的构造演化。将进行再处理和详细的地层和构造解释，以确定不同断层系统活动的时间、主要断层的滑动速率以及地层对构造和气候的反应。叠前深度偏移也将应用于深穿透Seismarmara勘探的选定剖面，以获得更好的断层几何形状估计。马尔马拉盆地是解决以下关于转换盆地基本问题的理想环境：1)盆地在时空上的生长模式是什么？它们与深部变形有何关系？2)最近的构造制度是否可以外推回到沉积盆地的开始（即稳态构造），或者构造是否随着时间的推移而改变？3)主要断层的几何形状是什么？它们之间的板块运动是如何划分的？4)马尔马拉断层是如何受到已有构造的影响的？地震灾害的研究、国际合作和学生培训是一些更广泛的影响。

Recent international focus on the Marmara Sea has led to shallow, very high-resolution seismic surveys that mapped the surface and near-surface traces of faults and sediment failures as well as deep-penetration, low-resolution multichannel seismic surveys that image the deep basin and crustal structure. In July 2008, the proponents acquired 2700 km of high-resolution MCS reflection data throughout Marmara that fills the resolution gap between those datasets. The current proposed study will support the continuation of analysis and interpretation of the available data to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of Marmara in the last ~1 million years. Reprocessing and detailed stratigraphic and structural interpretations will be undertaken to determine the times at which different fault systems were active, slip rates on major faults, and the stratigraphic response to tectonics and climate. Pre-stack depth migration will also be applied to selected profiles from the deep-penetration Seismarmara survey to obtain better estimates of fault geometry. The Marmara is an ideal setting in which to address the following fundamental questions regarding transform basins: 1) What are the patterns of basin growth in space and time, and how do they relate to the deformation at depth? 2) Can the recent tectonic regime be extrapolated back to the onset of the sedimentary basins (i.e., steady-state tectonics), or have tectonics changed through time? 3) What are the geometries of major faults, and how is plate motion partitioned between them? 4) How are faults in Marmara influenced by pre-existing structures?Study of earthquake hazards, international cooperation and student training are some of the broader impacts.