Flight Efficiency and Control in 12 Species of Drosophila and Their Mutants

CBET - 0933332 Wang，Z. JaneThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009（Public Law 111-5）.本研究计划调查果蝇稳定自由飞行的能量成本，以及3D扑翼飞行的机械稳定性如何影响机动。PI将进一步研究在无昆虫飞行期间能量需求和机动性之间的权衡。计划的一个主要实验进展是应用最先进的数据收集和成像技术，以3D方式跟踪无绳昆虫飞行，并获得空气动力学分析所需的机翼和身体运动学。对许多获得的数据集的分析将允许确定对应于给定机动的机翼冲程参数的统计平均值和偏差，这对于预测比较是至关重要的。确定三维自由飞行的稳定性标准涉及到算法开发和三维扑翼飞行动力学模型的优化。PI将分析以不同翅膀和身体形态为特征的不同果蝇物种之间的最佳解决方案之间的相关性。了解昆虫使用的解决方案和操纵技巧将为扑翼飞行的机械设计提供新的见解。这种实验和理论技术相结合的新方法将进行三个重点研究：1）12种果蝇悬停飞行能量学的比较研究，2）野生型和突变型昆虫的比较研究，3）稳定和机动飞行控制策略的比较研究。PI计划制定跟踪算法，并通过其团体网站在线提供。PI将提供教程，指导用户完成运动学数据提取过程。他将继续组织关于运动流体动力学的小型研讨会，发表关于昆虫飞行的公开演讲，并开发数学建模和生物流体动力学的大学课程。科恩将继续组织半年一次的纽约复杂问题研讨会，并领导康奈尔大学和哈莱姆儿童区之间的合作，旨在改善面向纽约市少数民族和经济弱势社区的K-12学校的科学教育。还要求PI通过Ithaca冬季之光节进行公共宣传，目的是教育公众了解与这项工作有关的成果。

CBET - 0933332 Wang, Z. JaneThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This study plans to investigate energetic costs in the steady free flight of Drosophila, and how the mechanical stability of 3D flapping flight affects maneuvering. The PIs will further investigate the trade-off between energetic demands and maneuverability during insect free flight. A major experimental advance planned is the application of state of the art data collection and imaging techniques to track untethered insect flight in 3D and obtain the wing and body kinematics necessary for aerodynamic analysis. Analysis of many acquired data sets will allow determination of statistical averages and deviations in wing stroke parameters corresponding to a given maneuver, vital for prediction comparisons. Determining the stability criteria for 3D free flight involves algorithm development and optimization with dynamic models of 3D flapping flight. The PIs will analyze correlations between optimal solutions across different species of Drosophilacharacterized by different wing and body morphologies. Understanding the solutions and maneuvering tricks used by insects will offer new insights into mechanical designs for flapping flight. This novel combination of experimental and theoretical techniques will carry out three focus studies: 1) a comparative study of hovering flight energetics in 12 species of Drosophila, 2) comparative study between wild-type and mutant insects, and 3) comparative study of control strategies in steady and maneuvering flight. The PIs plan to make the tracking algorithms and make them available online through their groups web sites. The PIs will provide a tutorial to guide the user through the kinematic data extraction process. Wang will continue to organize mini-symposia on fluid dynamics of locomotion, deliver public lectures on insect flight, and develop university courses for teaching mathematical modeling and biofluid dynamics. Cohen will continue to organize the semiannual New York Complex Matter Workshops and lead a collaboration between Cornell and the Harlem Children's Zone with the aim of improving science education at K-12 schools that cater to minority and economically disadvantaged communities in New York city. The PIs have also been asked to conduct a public outreach presentation through the Ithaca Light in Winter festival with the aim of educating the public about the results associated with this work.