RAPID: Migrant Material Cultural Project: An Ethnographic and Ethnoarchaeological Analysis of Undocumented Migration in Southern Arizona and Northern Mexico

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。贾森德莱昂博士（华盛顿大学）将进行研究，在最近的美国边境巡逻安全措施的变化，在无证移民流到亚利桑那州南部的变化，以及与沙漠移民相关的独特的物质商品和经济体系之间的关系。感兴趣的人群是准备穿越沙漠进入美国的移民，墨西哥阿尔塔镇专门提供移民用品的小贩，以及在亚利桑那州铁木森林国家纪念碑土地上使用临时营地的无证移民。这项研究解决了三个主要问题：1）如何在埃尔帕索地区最近增加边境安全影响无证移民流入阿尔塔，墨西哥和亚利桑那州南部？2)什么是人口统计学特征（例如，年龄，性别，国籍）的移民谁是目前穿越索诺兰沙漠和使用铺设地点在铁木森林国家纪念碑？3)墨西哥阿尔塔的当地经济如何受到美国边境政策最近变化的影响？这种探索性的研究采用了独特的民族志，考古学和民族考古学的方法和理论相结合，以了解无证移民的多个组成部分。这包括研究美国边境巡逻队的变化对移民流的直接影响，以及研究墨西哥北方出现的专门经济体系，以应对越来越多的移民试图穿越沙漠。此外，该项目是对美国西南部临时移民营地的首次详细分析。这项研究不仅是研究移徙问题的一种创新方法，还将提供关于未得到充分研究的无证移徙者亚群体的新的人口和经济数据（即，妇女、儿童和老人）。民族志，考古，经济和人口研究的这种组合将大大有助于移民研究的不断增长的领域，并了解边境政策变化的相互关联的影响。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Dr. Jason De Leon (University of Washington) will undertake research on the relationship between shifts in recent United States Border Patrol security measures, changes in undocumented migration streams into southern Arizona, and the unique material goods and economic systems associated with desert migration. Populations of interest are migrants preparing to cross into the United States through the desert, vendors in the town of Altar, Mexico, who specialize in migrant provisions, and undocumented migrants who use temporary campsites on Ironwood Forest National Monument lands in Arizona. This study addresses three primary sets of questions: 1) How have recent increases in border security in the El Paso region impacted the flow of undocumented migrants into Altar, Mexico, and southern Arizona? 2) What are the demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, nationality) of migrants who are currently crossing the Sonoran Desert and using lay-up sites in Ironwood Forest National Monument? 3) How has the local economy of Altar, Mexico, been impacted by recent changes in U.S. Border policies?This exploratory research applies a unique combination of ethnographic, archaeological, and ethnoarchaeological methods and theories to understand multiple components of undocumented migration. This includes examining the immediate impacts that changes in U.S. Border Patrol have on migration streams, as well as studying the specialized economic systems that have arisen in northern Mexico to deal with the increasing number of migrants attempting desert crossings. Additionally, this project is the first detailed analysis of the temporary migrant campsites that dot the American southwest. This research is not only an innovative approach to studying migration, it will also provide new demographic and economic data on understudied sub-populations of undocumented migrants (i.e., women, children, and the elderly). This combination of ethnographic, archaeological, economic, and demographic research will greatly contribute to the growing field of migration studies and to understanding the interlinked effects of border policy changes.