From Stereotype Threat to Stereotype Threats: Testing a Multi-Threat Framework

这个研究项目建立在刻板印象威胁研究的最新进展的基础上，通过调查一个多威胁框架，区分不同形式的刻板印象威胁。 学术和组织环境的情境方面，例如在参加考试前填写人口统计信息，是工程公司中唯一的女性，或者是精英大学高级课程中唯一的少数民族，可以产生明显的负面刻板印象，引发一连串分散注意力的想法和担忧。刻板印象威胁的研究表明，这些问题最终造成差异的认知，动机和表现在刻板印象相关的任务和领域。 这项工作的重点是刻板印象威胁的心理体验，并有助于解释为什么妇女，种族/族裔少数群体和其他常见的刻板印象群体在许多领域的代表性不足。本实验将从认知任务和传统的刻板印象威胁范式中检验刻板印象威胁的可区分性。第一组实验探讨了在不同情况下出现的不同刻板印象威胁。第二组实验探讨了不同的刻板印象的威胁，可能会出现之间和内部的负面刻板印象的群体。第三组实验将采用多重威胁框架来测试旨在减少不同形式的刻板印象威胁的干预措施。 最终，这项研究可以提高我们对谁有刻板印象威胁的风险，他们何时有风险，为什么有风险以及如何降低风险的认识。 此外，鉴于刻板印象威胁的主题是感兴趣的本科生和研究生，这项研究将促进动手研究培训以及会议参与和出版物。

This research project builds upon recent advances in stereotype threat research by investigating a Multi-Threat Framework that distinguishes between different forms of stereotype threat. Situational aspects of academic and organizational environments, such as filling out demographic information immediately before taking a test, being the only woman in an engineering firm, or being the only racial minority in an upper division course at an elite university, can make salient negative stereotypes that elicit a cascade of distracting thoughts and concerns. Stereotype threat research reveals that these concerns ultimately create disparities in cognition, motivation, and performance in stereotype-relevant tasks and fields. This work focuses on the psychological experience of stereotype threat and helps to explain why women, racial/ethnic minorities, and other commonly stereotyped groups are under-represented in many fields. The proposed experiments will test the differentiability of the stereotype threats, drawing from well-established cognitive tasks and traditional stereotype threat paradigms. The first set of experiments explores the different stereotype threats that emerge in different situations. The second set of experiments explores the different stereotype threats that are likely to emerge between and within negatively stereotyped groups. The third set of experiments will employ the Multi-Threat Framework to test interventions designed to reduce the different forms of stereotype threat. Ultimately, this research can enhance our knowledge of who is at risk for stereotype threat, when they are at risk, why they are at risk, and how to reduce that risk. In addition, given that the topic of stereotype threat is of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, this research will facilitate hands-on research training as well as conference participation and publications.