Collaborative Research: Evaluating convergence via code-switching: Cross-linguistic priming, rates and the structure of subject expression

语法趋同是语言之间结构相似性的体现，被广泛认为是双语现象的必然结果，而语码转换是语言趋同的一个重要机制。本研究调查的作用，代码转换，促进语法收敛，在长期存在的新墨西哥双语社区，有定期的代码转换之间的西班牙语和英语。本研究以第一人称单数主语（yo 'I'）的表达模式为研究对象，通过比较（1）西班牙语和英语的单语变体，（2）不同双语水平的双语者，以及（3）有无语码转换的第一人称单数主语表达的结构，来验证语码转换的语法趋同假设。本研究通过对单语和双语结构启动效应的观察，在不改变特定语言语法模式的前提下，通过适度增加平行结构的出现率，证明了跨语言启动在表观趋同中的作用，从而促进了对双语者语言变体的理解。在记录新墨西哥双语者的讲话时，它将有助于记录非洲大陆上现存最古老的西班牙语方言。从这项研究中产生的材料可以被纳入整个美国各级遗产语言教学的教学资源的开发。最后，虽然标签，如“西班牙式英语”可能意味着语言之间的切换涉及随意的语言混合，并导致语法恶化，通过显示双语话语的系统结构，本研究促进了更多的美国西班牙语的现实公众意识，并有助于对抗双语语言品种的污名化。

Grammatical convergence, the achievement of structural similarity among languages, is widely considered to be an inevitable consequence of bilingualism, and code-switching, the alternation of different languages in a single speech event, has been assumed to be a key mechanism in such convergence. This study investigates the role of code-switching in promoting grammatical convergence in the long-standing New Mexican bilingual community, where there is regular code-switching between Spanish and English. This research targets patterns of first person singular subject (yo 'I') expression, and tests the hypothesis of grammatical convergence via code-switching through comparing the structure of variable first singular subject expression in (1) monolingual varieties of Spanish and English, (2) bilinguals of varying levels of bilingualism, and (3) the presence versus the absence of code-switching. Given observed effects of monolingual and bilingual structural priming, or repetition of the same grammatical form, this research is expected to demonstrate that cross-linguistic priming plays a role in ostensible convergence by modestly increasing the rate of a parallel structure in the presence of code-switching without involving change in language-particular grammatical patterns.This research advances the understanding of the language varieties spoken by bilinguals. In recording the speech of New Mexican bilinguals, it will contribute to the documentation of the oldest surviving Spanish dialect on the continent. The materials that arise from this research can be incorporated into the development of pedagogical resources for heritage language teaching at various levels throughout the United States. Finally, while labels such as "Spanglish" may imply that switching between languages involves haphazard language mixing and leads to grammatical deterioration, by showing the systematic structure of bilingual discourse, this research promotes greater public awareness of the realities of US Spanish and helps to counter the stigmatization of bilingual language varieties.