Light weight biaxial slabs as bionic structures

自然原型的适应理想地导致轻质轴承系统。特别是钢筋混凝土板提供了很高的设计潜力，也有一个优化的材料消耗。本研究项目的目标是开发轻质，节省材料和稳定的混凝土板作为仿生结构。通过三个自然模型的调整，力的流动将得到优化。这导致了弯曲和剪切承载性能的改善，同时优化了材料消耗。另一个效果是降低成本和资源，以及对可持续建筑方法的贡献。不仅力的流动将得到优化，混凝土板底面的传统形式也可以被大自然启发的创新设计所取代。在项目的第一个研究阶段，开展了仿生结构开发的基础工作。采用自行开发的优化方法、有限元模拟和试验，对三种不同的天然结构进行了结构混凝土优化设计。板的内部结构将通过改进的空隙形成器来优化（1），承载能力将通过肋、加腋和曲率等几何形状来提高（2），承载性能将通过受蜘蛛网原理启发的钢筋配置来优化（3）。基于第一阶段研究的结果，将基本结构组合在一起，从而在本研究项目中实现了板的承载能力的进一步提高。为此，开发的基本结构将被优化，以实现合适的组合。通过使用现代高性能混凝土（（微增强）超高性能混凝土、高性能混凝土、轻质混凝土、纤维增强混凝土和织物增强混凝土）和混凝土混合系统，仿生部件的承载性能得到改善。根据生物生长规律选择不同的混凝土。将选择一种混凝土类型，这是最好的完成组件区域的材料要求。目前还没有模型来描述轴承的行为存在。因此，基于研究结果的工程模型将被开发来描述结构行为，并作为未来设计模型的基础。因此，创新的混凝土结构的发展，显着的建模和计算工作可以从根本上减少，并不是所有的结构都适合的各种边界条件，使设计工具的基础上，模糊逻辑将开发，提出一个合适的仿生板系统根据条件。

The adaption of natural archetypes ideally leads to lightweight bearing systems. Particularly reinforced concrete slabs provide a high-design potential and also have an optimized material consumption.The goal of this research project is the development of lightweight, material-saving and stable concrete slabs as a bionic structure. By the adaption of three natural models the flow of force will be optimized. This leads to an improvement of the bending and shear bearing behavior with optimized material consumption. Another effect is the reduction of costs and resources as well as a contribution to sustainable construction methods. Not only the flow of forces will be optimized, also the conventional forms of the bottom side of concrete slabs can be replaced by nature inspired innovative designs. In the first research period of the project fundamentals were carried out for the development of bionic structures. Three different natural structures were adapted for structural concrete and worked out with self-developed optimization methods, FE-simulations and experiments. The inner structure of slabs will be optimized by improved void formers (1), the bearing capacity is improved by geometries like ribs, haunches and curvatures (2) and the bearing behavior will be optimized by a reinforcement configuration inspired by the principals of a spiderweb (3).Based on the results of the first research period, the basic structures are combined, so that a further improvement of the bearing capacity of a slab is realized in this proposed research project. For that purpose, the developed basic structures will be optimized for suitable combinations.The bearing behavior of bionic components is improved by the use of modern high performance concretes ((micro reinforced) ultra high performance concrete, high performance concrete, lightweight concrete, fiber reinforced concrete and textile reinforced concrete) and concrete hybrid systems. The different concretes will be selected on the base of the biological growth rule. It will be chosen a concrete type, which is the best to finish the material requirements of the component area.At the moment no models for the description of the bearing behavior exist. Therefore, engineering models based on the results of the research will be developed to describe the structural behavior and serve as a basis for future design models. Thus, the significant modeling and computational effort for the development of innovative concrete structures can be essentially reduced.Not all structure are suitable for the variety of boundary conditions, so that a design tool on the basis of fuzzy logic will be developed that proposes a suitable bionic slab system according to the conditions.