RAPID/Collaborative Research: The Forgotten Aspects of Evacuation: Mass Evacuee Processing and Care by Host Communities Following the Haiti Earthquake

这笔快速反应研究补助金(RAPID)将重点研究2010年1月12日海地地震后撤离者融入佛罗里达州生活的情况。研究人员和政策制定者一直关注如何管理大城市的灾害，但很少有人考虑到远离受影响的城市地区的灾难可能产生的影响。卡特里娜飓风在新奥尔良造成的灾难性后果导致数十万人几个月、几年甚至永久流离失所；而他们逃离或被运送到的社区没有指导，以准备或应对这些撤离者的大规模涌入。这种情况在美国历史上几乎是史无前例的，使应急管理界及其支持的政治系统没有适当的计划、法律工具、政策或预先考虑的选项来应对这种情况的严重性。除了对官员的挑战外，不可预测和摇摇欲坠的住房和社会服务举措给疏散人员带来了额外的压力和痛苦。现在，2010年1月12日的海地地震是这个半球有记录以来最严重的灾难之一，导致数万名国内和国际难民流离失所。这场灾难预示着，灾难发生后，大批人被迫远离居住地寻求援助时，可能会发生什么情况。在这个以海地地震为重点的项目中，研究人员将研究组织如何：(1)确定疏散人员的身份和优先顺序？这些项目包括：(1)评估前往美国寻求援助时的援助需求；(2)评估是否有资源满足这些需求；(3)管理公共和私人援助系统，包括新的或新出现的援助系统。这项研究特别侧重于行政障碍，这些障碍来自不一致的法规、机构之间脱节或冲突的程序，或者经过不寻常请求考验的预先存在的行政结构。这项研究的结果将为政策制定者提供信息，他们需要提高帮助躲避灾难的人的能力。在美国的几个地区，包括西海岸和中西部，发生灾难性地震的风险相当大。这项工作应该为潜在东道国地区的美国应急规划者提供必要的指导，通过加强机构间应急规划，促进公共官员、政府机构、非营利实体和紧急组织之间的互动，更好地适应疏散人员。

This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will focus on studying the integration of evacuees from the January 12, 2010 earthquake in Haiti into life in Florida. Researchers and policymakers have been concerned about how to manage hazards in large cities, but few have considered the likely effects of a catastrophe away from the impacted urban area. The catastrophic consequences of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans resulted in hundreds of thousands of people becoming displaced from their homes for months, years, or even permanently; while the communities to which they had fled or to which they were transported had no guidance to prepare for or respond to the mass influx of these evacuees. This situation was virtually unprecedented in US history, leaving the emergency management community and the political systems it supports with no appropriate plans, legal instruments, policies, or pre-considered options available to deal with the magnitude of the situation. Apart from challenges to officials, the unpredictable and faltering housing and social-service initiatives resulted in additional stress and anguish for evacuees. Now, the January 12, 2010 earthquake in Haiti stands as one of the preeminent catastrophes in this hemisphere in recorded history, resulting in tens of thousands of internally and internationally displaced refugees. This disaster foreshadows what could be experienced when large numbers of people are forced to travel far from their places of residence for assistance after a catastrophe. In this project, focusing on the Haiti earthquake, researchers will study how organizations: (1) identified and prioritized evacuees? needs as they traveled to the United States for assistance; ( 2) assessed the availability of resources to meet those needs; and (3) administered both public and private aid systems, including new or emergent ones. This research particularly focuses on the administrative impediments that arise from inconsistent regulations, disconnected or conflicting procedures between agencies, or pre-existing administrative structures that are tested by unusual requests. Findings from this study will inform policy makers who need to improve capacities for assisting people who have escaped disaster. There is a sizable risk for catastrophic earthquakes in several areas of the United States, including on the West Coast and in the Midwest. This work should provide needed guidance for US emergency planners in potential host regions to better accommodate evacuees by enhancing interagency emergency planning and facilitating interactions between and among public officials, government agencies, non-profit entities, and emergent organizations.