RAPID: Geotechnical-driven Damage Patterns and Liquefaction in the January 2010 Haiti Earthquake

该快速反应研究（RAPID）奖提供资金，使调查人员能够对海地地震的影响进行额外和更深入的调查，以加强以前有限范围的DCPT和Vs调查。2010年1月12日袭击海地的7.0级地震对建筑和自然环境造成了巨大破坏，摧毁了建筑物，使太子港海港瘫痪，并造成大规模的海岸、道路和边坡破坏。作为地球工程极端事件侦察小组的一部分，PI参加了对海地的侦察之旅。该团队在http://www.geerassociation.org/GEER_Post%20EQ%20Reports/Haiti_2010/Cover_Haiti10.html上发表了初步研究结果。该小组从初步勘察中带回了大量数据，包括几个地点的剪切波速度（Vs）和动态静力锥贯入试验（DCPT）数据。然而，在进行初步损害评估和对初步调查结果进行评价后，确定了一些需要进一步调查的关键细节。考虑到这次地震造成的巨大损失，该专业必须最大限度地从这次事件中吸取教训，以便在海地、其他发展中沿海国家和世界其他地方未来发生地震时尽量减少损失。(1)该团队将通过额外和更深入的调查，以及土壤采样和实验室测试来增强以前的有限范围DCPT和Vs调查，以了解碳酸盐砂的液化，因为这些砂在全球液化案例历史数据库中的代表性很差，尽管它们遍布全球。这项工作将主要涉及在太子港湾南部海岸沿着，主要是在Leogane和小戈阿韦之间，以及Au Prince港以北的主要河流沿着进行取样和测试。随后的实验室测试将包括环剪和循环三轴测试。(2)该小组将扩大初步观察，以了解地形对太子港周边社区（如佩蒂翁维尔）山坡和斜坡破坏模式的潜在影响。这项工作将涉及收集坡度走向和倾角，接近山脊顶部，并获得浅Vs测量的地区确定明显的损害模式明显受地形影响。(3)该小组将在太子港的低洼地区收集15至20个近地表Vs剖面，在那里观察到潜在的软土放大效应，导致明显的破坏模式。这些测量将在空间上分布在遭受严重破坏的地区和遭受最小破坏的地区。这些努力将得到加强，使用创新的三维成像软件和校准的数码相机，在这些网站上开发三维数字高程模型的损害。 该项目更广泛的影响集中在培训学生和改善工程实践的状态。每个小组成员将带来一名研究生，培训他们进行侦察，并鼓励他们就他们的经验举办研讨会，小组将与海地矿业和自然资源部的人员进行互动。此外，该团队还将发表关于碳酸盐砂液化、地形效应和场地效应的研究结果。评估地球物理数据和在选定地点回收的样品的实验室测试也将涉及培训研究生和本科生。该奖项由NSF国际科学与工程办公室（OISE）共同资助。

This Rapid Response Research (RAPID)award provides funding to allow the investigators to augment previous, limited-scope DCPT and Vs investigations with additional and deeper investigations into the effects of the Haiti earthquake.The magnitude 7.0 earthquake that struck Haiti on January 12, 2010 caused tremendous damage to the built and natural environment, destroying buildings, crippling the Port-au-Prince seaport, and causing large coastal, roadway, and slope failures. The PIs participated in a reconnaissance trip to Haiti as part of a Geo-engineering Extreme Event Reconnaissance team. The team published preliminary findings at: http://www.geerassociation.org/GEER_Post%20EQ%20Reports/Haiti_2010/Cover_Haiti10.html. The team brought back an extensive set of data from this initial reconnaissance, including shear wave velocity (Vs) and dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) data at several sites. However, after an initial damage assessment and an evaluation of preliminary findings, a number of critical details that require further investigation have been identified. Given the tremendous damage that resulted from this earthquake, it is imperative that the profession maximize what is learned from this event in order to minimize damage during future earthquakes in Haiti, in other developing coastal nations, and elsewhere around the world.The intellectual merit of this activity is threefold. (1) The team will augment previous, limited-scope DCPT and Vs investigations with additional and deeper investigations, as well as soil sampling and lab testing to understand liquefaction in carbonate sands, as these sands are poorly represented in the worldwide liquefaction case history database despite their worldwide presence. This work will chiefly involve sampling and testing along the southern coast of Port au Prince Bay, primarily between Leogane and Petit Goave, and along the major rivers north of Port au Prince. Subsequent lab testing will include ring shear and cyclic triaxial testing. (2) The team will expand initial observations of potential topographic effects on damage patterns on the hillsides and slopes in communities surrounding Port-au-Prince, such as Petion-Ville. This effort will involve collecting slope strike and dip angles, proximity to ridge tops, and obtaining shallow Vs measurements in areas identified with noticeable damage patterns apparently influenced by topography. (3) The team will collect 15 to 20 near-surface Vs profiles in low-lying areas of Port-au-Prince where potential soft-soil amplification effects leading to noticeable damage patterns are observed. These measurements will be spatially-distributed in both areas that suffered heavy damage and areas that suffered minimal damage. These efforts will be enhanced using innovative 3D imaging software and calibrated digital cameras to develop 3D digital elevation models of damage at these sites. The broader impacts of this project are focused on training students and improving the state-of-practice of engineering. Each team member will bring one graduate student to train them to perform reconnaissance and will encourage them deliver seminars about their experiences and the team will interact with personnel from Ministry of Mines and Natural Resources in Haiti. Additionally, the team will publish findings on liquefaction of carbonate sands, topographic effects, and site effects. Evaluating geophysical data and laboratory testing of samples recovered at select sites will also involve training graduate and undergraduate students.This award is co-funded by the NSF Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE).