RAPID: Temporary Housing Planning and Early Implementation in the January 12, 2010 Haiti Earthquake

这是一项快速反应研究基金(RAPID)，由OISE/美洲项目共同资助。该项目着眼于为2010年1月海地地震中流离失所的受害者提供临时住房。临时住房是受害者从短期或临时避难安排转向更像家庭一样的居住安排的阶段，这样他们就可以开始恢复家庭、就业、学校和其他日常生活。随着首都和其他人口中心遭到广泛破坏，为无家可归的地震灾民提供临时住所是灾后恢复的主要优先事项。这项研究涉及多次前往海地，跟踪临时住房活动的进展情况，重点是国际机构、海地政府和非政府组织的决策和规划。这些决定很重要，因为所实施的项目将严重影响个人、家庭、社区和社区的恢复能力。在为灾民提供住房的尝试中经常犯错误，这使恢复进程复杂化，并对恢复结果产生负面影响。海地地震的严重程度和范围使规划和实施临时住房项目极具挑战性。新的住房安排还必须确保受害者吗？考虑到可能发生的余震、飓风、洪水和其他危险，确保安全。既需要作出紧急决策，也需要制定促进而不是干扰恢复进程的战略。这个项目试图确定援助提供者如何试图平衡这两个潜在的相互冲突的要求。这项研究的数据是通过直接观察作出决定的会议、对住房决策者和住房提供者的访谈以及与住房和家庭恢复有关的文件获得的。尽管它很重要，但相对较少关注灾难恢复的临时住房阶段。研究海地的临时住房战略、实施过程和成果，有可能改善灾难援助和人道主义援助计划。重要的是分析决策及其结果，特别是在发生灾难性灾难之后以及在灾后恢复过程中必须考虑到多种严重危害的情况下。吸取的经验教训可以帮助指导世界各地的援助工作，也将有助于美国目前为灾难后的恢复进行规划的努力。

This is a Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) and is co-funded by OISE/Americas Program.This project looks at the provision of temporary housing to displaced victims of the January 2010 Haiti earthquake. Temporary housing is the phase during which victims move from short-term or improvised sheltering arrangements to more home-like living arrangements, so they can begin restoring household, employment, schooling, and other routines. With extensive damage to the capital and other population centers, providing temporary housing for homeless earthquake victims is a major priority for disaster recovery. This study involves multiple trips to Haiti to track the progress of temporary housing activities, with an emphasis on decision making and planning by international agencies, the Haitian government, and non-governmental organizations. These decisions are important because the projects that are undertaken will critically affect the ability of individuals, households, neighborhoods, and communities to recover. Mistakes are often made in attempts to provide housing for disaster victims, which complicates the recovery process and negatively affects recovery outcomes. The sheer severity and scope of the Haiti earthquake make both planning and carrying out temporary housing projects extremely challenging. New housing arrangements also must ensure victims? safety in light of the potential for aftershocks, hurricanes, flooding, and other hazards. There is a need for both urgent decision making and strategies that facilitate, rather than interfere with, the recovery process. This project seeks to determine how aid providers try to balance these two potentially conflicting demands. Data for the study are obtained through direct observation of meetings at which decisions are made, interviews with decision makers and providers of housing, and documents related to housing and household recovery.Despite its importance, relatively little attention has been paid to the temporary housing phase of disaster recovery. Studying temporary housing strategies, implementation processes, and outcomes in Haiti has the potential for improving disaster assistance and humanitarian aid programs. It is important to analyze both decisions and their outcomes, particularly after catastrophic disasters and in situations in which multiple severe hazards must be taken into account during the disaster recovery process. Lessons learned can help guide aid efforts worldwide and will also contribute to current U.S. efforts to plan for recovery after catastrophic disasters.