Collaborative Research: The Impacts of University Research and Funding Sources in Chemical Sciences: Publishing, Patenting, Commercialization

这项工作通过结合有关资金来源、科学出版、发明披露、专利和许可以及大学发明的利用和商业化的独特数据，考察了后Bayh-Dole时代大学研究在化学科学中的作用。研究揭示了：(1)科研经费来源的性质与高校科研、知识利用和技术转移的关系；(2)政府资助与产业资助在大学研究中的相互作用；(3)知识产权保护与高校科研发明技术转让和利用的关系。智力价值：该项目促进了对大学技术转移的多个维度的理解。它不仅涉及出版和专利，还涉及许可、进一步专利和商业化指标，并将所有这些与大学研究的资金来源联系起来。这项研究更清晰地描绘了研究支持、研究和发明之间的联系，以及被许可人和非许可人在进一步研究中使用发明和出版物的方式。这项研究不仅调查了专利和独家许可是否鼓励了被许可方的商业化，而且还调查了它们是否导致了公共或私营部门的进一步研究。它提供了关于排他性许可对非被许可研究的影响的新信息，以获得对排他性总体影响的更全面的理解。该项目还为未来的大学研究和技术转移研究提供了方法论平台。更广泛的影响几乎没有什么公共政策问题比国家大学将研究技术转让给用户、用户将其转化为进一步的进步以及产品的开发和商业化更重要。《Bayh-Dole法案》是美国大学专利申请和许可迅速增加的一个重要因素，并促进了美国目前在生物医药、先进材料和化学等高科技行业的领导地位。它通过提供关于有效技术转让实际发生方式的更好信息，为进一步审议大学专利政策提供信息。最后，该项目支持政府在资助和增加私营部门研究支持的优点方面做出“基于证据”的决策。

This work examines the role of university research in chemical sciences in the post Bayh-Dole era by combining unique data about funding sources, scientific publishing, invention disclosing, patenting and licensing, and utilization and commercialization of university inventions. The work sheds light on: (1) The relationship between the nature of research funding sources and university research, knowledge utilization and technology transfer; (2) The interplay between government funding and industry funding in university research; and(3) The relationship between IP protection and technology transfer and utilization of university research and inventions.Intellectual merit: The project advances understanding of the multiple dimensions of University technology transfer. It addresses not only publishing and patenting, but also licensing, further patenting and indicators of commercialization, and relates all these to funding sources of university research. The research offers a clearer picture of the links between research support, research, and invention, and the ways in which inventions and publications are used in further research by licensees and nonlicensees. The research investigates not only whether patenting and exclusive licensing are encouraging commercialization by licensees, but also whether they are leading to further research, in the public or private sector. It provides new information about the effect of exclusive licensing on nonlicensee research to obtain a fuller comprehension of the overall effect of exclusivity. The project also provides a methodological platform for future research on university research and technology transfer. Broader Impacts Few public policy issues are more important than technology transfer of research by the nation's universities to users who convert it into further advances, and development and commercialization of products. The Bayh-Dole Act has been an important factor in the rapid increase in university patenting and licensing in the United States, and has contributed to the current leadership position of the United States in high technology industries including biomedicine and pharmaceuticals, advanced materials and chemistry. It informs further deliberations on university patenting policy by providing better information on the ways in which effective technology transfer is actually occurring. Finally, the project supports the move to "evidence-based" decisions by government on funding and on the merits of increased private sector research support.