Impact of Marine and Dust Aerosols on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Development

天然气溶胶对大西洋热带气旋发展的影响是更好地了解和预测大西洋热带气旋增强、结构和降水的重要课题。本研究将对包括海洋气溶胶和尘埃气溶胶在内的天然气溶胶在大西洋TC发展中的作用进行全面和系统的调查。研究了气溶胶作为云凝结（CCN）和冰核（IN）的活化过程以及这些过程与TC动力学和结构的相互作用。本研究旨在解决以下科学问题：1)。由天然气溶胶调节的云成核过程如何通过改变潜热分布和涡量收支来影响TC的强度和结构？TC强度和结构对气溶胶性质（如空间分布、浓度、大小分布和化学成分）的变化有多敏感？与其他大尺度环境热力学和动力条件相比，气溶胶在TC演化中的相对重要性是什么？将使用天气研究与预报模式3.2结合大气化学模块（WRF-Chem）进行数值模拟。WRF-Chem包括气溶胶发射方案、考虑气溶胶光学特性的辐射传输方案和双矩微物理方案，该方案将被修改为包括几个最先进的CCN和IN激活方案，用于考虑灰尘和海洋气溶胶的特性。本文将选取三个真实的热带气旋个案，探讨海洋及沙尘气溶胶对风暴发展的影响。再分析产品、卫星数据集和现场测量将用于模式初始化、边界强迫以及与模拟的比较。将进行敏感性试验，以评估模型的保真度，阐明相关物理过程的个别贡献，检查这些过程对气溶胶特性的敏感性，并比较气溶胶对其他大尺度环境条件的相对重要性。智力优势：本研究将通过综合观测数据分析和数值模拟，全面研究代表性环境条件下海洋和沙尘气溶胶对大西洋TC演变的影响。这项研究将为气溶胶特征在TC强度和结构演变中的作用提供重要的见解，并检查其相对于其他物理过程的重要性。更广泛的影响：这项研究将有助于改进对热带气旋强度、结构和降雨的定量预测。本研究也支持了一名刚刚完成博士学位的女科学家的专业发展，以及一名TC遥感与数值模拟研究生的教育和培训。

The impact of natural aerosols on Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) development is an important subject for better understanding and forecasting TC intensification, structure, and precipitation. This study will execute a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the role of natural aerosols on the Atlantic TC development, which includes marine aerosols and dust aerosols. The aerosol activation as cloud condensation (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) and the interactions of these processes with TC dynamics and structure will be examined. The research aims to address the following science questions:1). How do cloud nucleation processes as modulated by natural aerosols influence the intensity and structure of a TC by modifying the latent heat distribution and vorticity budget?2). How sensitive is the TC intensity and structure to variations in the aerosol properties such as spatial distribution, concentration, size distribution, and chemical composition?3). What is the relative importance of aerosols compared to other large-scale ambient thermodynamic and dynamic conditions in the TC evolution?Numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model 3.2 coupled with an atmospheric chemistry module (WRF-Chem) will be conducted. The WRF-Chem includes aerosol emission schemes, a radiative transfer scheme accounting for aerosol optical properties, and a dual moment microphysics scheme that will be modified to include several state-of-the-art CCN and IN activation schemes accounting for characteristics of dust and marine aerosols. Three real tropical cyclone cases will be chosen to examine the impact of marine and dust aerosols on storm development. Reanalysis products, satellite data sets, and in situ measurements will be used for model initialization, boundary forcing, and comparison with the simulations. Sensitivity tests will be performed to evaluate the model fidelity, elucidate the individual contribution from relevant physical processes, examine the sensitivity of these processes to aerosol properties, and compare the relative importance of aerosols to other large-scale environmental conditions.Intellectual merit: The research will comprehensively address the impact of marine and dust aerosols on Atlantic TC evolution under representative environmental conditions through integrating observational data analyses and numerical simulations. This research will provide critical insights into the role of aerosol characteristics on the TC intensity and structure evolution and examine its importance relative to other physical processes.Broader impacts: The study will contribute to the development of improved quantitative forecasts of TC intensity, structure, and rainfall. This research also supports the professional development of a female scientist who has recently completed her Ph.D. and also the education and training of a graduate student in remote sensing and numerical simulation of TC.