Phylogeny, functional morphology, and palaeoecology of basal Hippuritida (Bivalvia) from the Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) of central Europe.

Diceratidae和Epidiceratidae在碳酸盐沉积学和碳酸盐发生学方面是非常重要的双壳类。在晚侏罗世，它们形成了一个广泛分布的生物相，是马蹄亚目的基本代表。恩斯特布伦（下奥地利州）的石灰岩已经产生了最大的和保存最好的双角动物群的蒂托时代，和拟议的项目解决开放的问题双角古生态，功能形态，并通过利用这些样本的定量数据和补充材料的tramberk石灰岩（CZ）的发育。在第一步中，种内变异的双角类将通过结合定性特征分析与经典的形态测量学，傅立叶形状分析，地标分析，和三维壳建模，以发展一个现代的综合物种的概念进行评估。随后，diceratids和其他基础Hippuritida从恩斯特布伦和tramberk将彻底修订使用现代术语和以前开发的物种概念。根据这些结果，我们将应用分支系统学分析来探讨马形目的早期系统发育。将从其他地点和时间片的材料中获得补充数据，以区分时间和空间方面，并查明古生物地理模式。使用来自内部模具和保存完好的贝壳的数据，对rudist身体和贝壳进行数字三维建模，将用于推断贝壳和身体的体积，以及软解剖结构，以及这些参数与贝壳盘绕和胶结的适应过程的关系。最后，将对共生生物群和微相特征进行调查，以确定和解决恩斯特布伦和Tramberk的特殊双角虫生活习性和古生态学，以及通常使栖息地适合双角虫定居的环境参数。

Diceratidae and Epidiceratidae are highly significant bivalves with regard to carbonate sedimentology and phylogeny. During the Late Jurassic, they form a widespread biofacies, and they are the basal representatives of the order Hippuritida. The limestones of Ernstbrunn (Lower Austria) have yielded one of the largest and best-preserved diceratid faunas of Tithonian age, and the proposed project adresses open questions on diceratid palaeoecology, functional morphology, and phylogeny by exploiting quantitative data from these samples and supplementary material from the tramberk limestones (CZ). In a first step, intraspecific variability of diceratids will be assessed by combining qualitative character analyses with classic morphometry, Fourier shape analysis, landmark analysis, and three-dimensional-shell modelling, in order to develop a modern comprehensive species concept. Subsequently, diceratids and other basal Hippuritida from Ernstbrunn and tramberk will be thoroughly revised using modern terminology and the previously developed species concepts. Based on the results, the early phylogeny of the Hippuritida will then be adressed applying a cladistic analysis. Supplementary data will be derived from material from other localities and time slices to distinguish temporal from spatial aspects, and to detect palaeobiogeographic patterns. Digital three-dimensional modelling of the rudist body and shell, using data from internal moulds and well-preserved shells, will be used to infer shell and body volumes, as well as soft anatomy, and the relationship of these parameters to the adaptive process of shell coiling and cementation. Finally, a survey of the co-occurring biota and characterisation of the microfacies will be carried out to identify and address the particular diceratid life habits and palaeoecology at Ernstbrunn and tramberk, as well as the environmental parameters that generally make a habitat suitable for colonisation by Diceratidae.