Collaborative Research: Programming with Crowds: Models and Tools for General Purpose Crowdsourcing

众包是一种强大的方式，可以召集大量人的少量贡献来解决现实世界的问题。成功的故事从对火星表面的陨石坑进行分类(ClickWorker)到给图像贴标签(ESP游戏，现在的Google Image Labeler)到任务市场(亚马逊的机械土耳其人)。这个项目朝着众包的愿景迈进，将其扩展到支持复杂、创造性和相互依赖的任务，并将其嵌入到计算系统中，作为我们日常生活的一部分。该项目将专注于复杂众包的两个应用领域：科学新闻和软件开发。该项目的智力优势包括发现如何对在线人群行为建模的新科学知识，以及开发将人群作为计算机系统设计的一部分的新方法和工具，特别是对于复杂、相互依赖的实时工作。该项目还将表明，这些方法可以用于现实世界的问题。潜在的更广泛的影响包括那些具体与这两个应用领域有关的影响，这可能会对社会产生重大影响。众包科技新闻将直接让公民参与科学传播过程，让公众更容易获得科学信息，促进更多的科学意识和科学过程。众包软件开发可以改变软件的创建方式，降低开放源码软件开发的门槛，扩大参与，帮助更多的人使用和提高他们的编程技能。研究人员计划公开分享他们开发的基础设施，以促进许多其他领域的复杂众包，这将带来其他影响。他们还计划将他们的研究成果融入本科课程。

Crowdsourcing is a powerful way to marshal small contributions from large numbers of people to solve real-world problems. Success stories range from classifying craters on Mars' surface (ClickWorker) to labeling images (the ESP Game, now Google Image Labeler) to task marketplaces (Amazon's Mechanical Turk). This project moves towards a vision of crowdsourcing that extends it to support complex, creative, and interdependent tasks, and embeds it into computing systems as part of our everyday lives. The project will focus on two application areas for complex crowdsourcing: science journalism and software development.The intellectual merits of the project include the uncovering of new scientific knowledge about how to model online crowd behavior, and the development of new methods and tools for using crowds as part of computer system designs, particularly for complex, interdependent, real time work. The project will also show that these methods can be used for real-world problems. The potential broader impacts include those specifically having to do with the two application areas, which could have significant impacts on society. Crowdsourcing science journalism will directly involve citizens in the process of science dissemination, making scientific information more accessible to the general public, and promoting greater awareness of science and the scientific process. Crowdsourcing software development can transform the way that software is created, lowering barriers and broadening participation in open source software development, and helping larger masses of people use and improve their programming skills. Other impacts will flow from the researchers' plans to publically share the infrastructure that they develop to facilitate complex crowdsourcing in many other areas. They also plan to integrate their research results into undergraduate courses.