Constructing and Critiquing Arguments in Middle School Science Classrooms: Supporting Teachers with Multimedia Educative Curriculum Materials

劳伦斯科学馆和波士顿学院的这个项目正在开发地球和空间科学多媒体教育课程材料(MECM)和一个促进教师学习和相信科学论证的系统。MECM包括视频、画外音叙述、图表表示、学生作文图像和文本。PIS正在调查MECMS对教师关于科学论证的信念和他们相关的教学知识的影响。主要的研究问题包括四个子问题，重点是多媒体教育课程材料如何支持中学科学教师实施建构和批判性论点的标准。这四个子问题是：什么因素影响教师在课堂上实施议论文教学？如何设计MECM来积极影响教师的信念和他们关于辩论的教学知识(PCK)？教师的议论文价值信念与他们在课堂上实施议论文有什么关系？MECM对教师的信念和PCK有什么影响？采用混合方法评估教师的信念和教学知识。PIS正在开发和试点测试教师对科学论证的信念。他们将对MECM使用迭代设计过程，将有50名教师参与。25个电话访谈将被用来调查影响教师实施科学论证的因素。设计和测试的三个迭代周期包括重点小组、在六个教室试行MECM和在30个教室进行全国实地测试。100名教师将对评估进行实地测试，然后收集六个案例研究和数据分析。该项目的形成性和总结性评估包括对所有活动的监测和提供反馈，以及对计划实施和影响的评估。教师需要支持使用经过实地测试的多媒体教育材料(MECM)来学习和提供科学内容，并使用科学的论证过程。该项目通过反复设计地球和空间科学多媒体教学教材来教授和参与教学过程，如果成功，该项目将为教师和学生提供必要的科学论证方面的素养和知识。MECMS和方法具有在中学和其他地方广泛实施的潜力，可以提供地球和空间科学材料来支持和教授科学论证。

This project between Lawrence Hall of Science and Boston College is developing Earth and Space Science multimedia educative curriculum materials (MECM) and a system to facilitate teachers' learning and beliefs of scientific argumentation. The MECMs include videos, voice-over narratives, diagrammatic representations, images of student writings, and text. The PIs are investigating the impact of the MECMS on teachers' beliefs about scientific argumentation and their related pedagogical content knowledge. The overarching research question, with four sub questions, focuses on how can multimedia educative curriculum materials provide support to middle school science teachers in implementing standards for constructing and critiquing arguments. The four sub questions are: What factors impact teachers' implementation of argumentation instruction in the classroom? How can MECMs be designed to positively impact teachers' beliefs and their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) about argumentation? What is the relationship between teachers' beliefs about the value of argumentation and their implementation of argumentation in the classroom? What impact do MECMs have on teachers' beliefs and PCK?A mixed method approach is being used to assess teachers' beliefs and pedagogical content knowledge. The PIs are developing and pilot testing teachers' beliefs about scientific argumentation. They will use an iterative design process for the MECMs that will involve 50 teachers. Twenty-five phone interviews will be conducted to investigate factors that impact teachers' implementations of scientific argumentation. Three iterative cycles of design and testing include focus groups, a pilot of the MECMs in six classrooms, and a national field test of 30 classrooms. One hundred teachers will field test the assessment followed by collection of six case studies and data analyses. The project's formative and summative evaluations include monitoring and providing feedback for all activities, and assessments of program implementation and impact. Teachers need support using field tested multimedia educative materials (MECMs) in learning and delivering science content using a scientific argumentation process. By delivering and engaging the teaching and learning process through iterative design of Earth and Space Science multimedia educative curriculum materials, this project would provide, if successful, teachers and students with the necessary literacy and knowledge about scientific argumentation. The MECMs and approach has the potential for broad implementation in middle schools and beyond for delivering Earth and Space science material to support and teach scientific argumentation.