Collaborative Research: RAPID - Post-Disaster Structural Data Collection Following the 11 March 2011 Tohoku, Japan Tsunami

2011年3月11日日本东北海域发生里氏9.0级地震引发的海啸，对日本海岸线沿线城市造成了广泛的结构性破坏。仔细记录这次海啸造成的水流深度和结构反应，将提供可用于验证海啸淹没模型和相应方法的数据，以计算洪水引起的结构反应。这一快速反应研究(RAPID)奖的主要目标是收集2011年3月海啸对日本造成的时间敏感的影响数据，这场海啸很快就会消失，受灾地区的建筑物和基础设施正在修复或拆除。调查小组包括夏威夷大学和俄勒冈州立大学的研究人员和学生。这项研究的重点将是收集宫城县和岩手县几个海岸线受损最严重地区的详细地方化数据，而不是其他地方和国际侦察小组对所有淹没地区进行的一般性调查。通过这一奖项，侦察团队将收集高分辨率的地面激光雷达数据。激光雷达数据将被用来生成虚拟模型，可以查询这些模型的测量结果，如水流深度、观测到的最大提升和关键地点的冲刷深度。此外，还将对录像和照片进行手工测量和分析。激光雷达数据还将为待研究的结构提供详细的维度数据。对具体研究领域的重点研究将提供验证海啸淹没模型所需的数据。此外，受损结构和未受损结构的结构特性将被用来确定在海啸淹没期间施加的流体静力、水动力和冲击力。这项实地勘察将有助于解决海啸设计条款中有关海啸钻孔和/或陆地上的海浪涌动和冲刷的流速和动量的几个关键问题，并获得有关基于风险的设计标准和结构抵御最大可信海啸的最终能力的总体问题的信息。该小组将与教科文组织领导的国际海啸调查小组协调侦察活动。这些数据对于理解如何设计建筑物以抵御地震和海啸以确保公共安全非常重要。美国和世界上许多面临类似危险的地方将从这些发现中受益，这将有助于制定对公共安全至关重要的建筑设计规范。这些新标准得到了该项目收集的信息的验证，还可以在不久的将来提供数据，以帮助日本在其受灾沿海地区的恢复阶段。该项目还将使研究生能够观察受海啸影响的地点，并从这次事件中学习，以便更好地做好准备，领导未来几代工程师减少地震和海啸风险。

The tsunami triggered by the 11 March 2011 magnitude 9.0 earthquake off Tohoku, Japan, created widespread structural damage in cities along the Japanese coastline. Careful documentation of flow depth and structural response resulting from this tsunami will provide data that can be used to validate tsunami inundation models and corresponding methodologies for calculating structural response due to the inundation. The primary objective of this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award is to collect time sensitive impact data in Japan from this March 2011 tsunami that will soon be lost, as buildings and infrastructure in the affected areas are repaired or demolished. The investigation team includes researchers and students from the University of Hawaii and Oregon State University. This study will focus on collecting detailed, localized data in several of the most severely damaged areas of the coastline in the Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures, rather than a general survey of all of the inundation areas, which has been undertaken by other local and international reconnaissance teams. Through this award, the reconnaissance team will collect high resolution, ground based LIDAR data. The LIDAR data will be used to generate virtual models that can be queried for measurements such as flow depths, observed maximum run-up, and scour depths at key sites. These will be complemented with manual measurements and analysis of videos and photographs. The LIDAR data will also provide detailed dimensional data for the structures to be studied. The focus in specific areas of study will provide the data needed for validation of the tsunami inundation model. Furthermore, the structural properties of both damaged structures and undamaged structures will be used to determine hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and impact forces applied during the tsunami inundation. This field reconnaissance will help resolve several key questions in the tsunami design provisions regarding flow velocities and momentum of tsunami bores and/or wave surges over land and scouring, as well as gain information on overarching questions on risk-based design criteria and the ultimate capabilities of structures to resist a maximum credible tsunami. This team will coordinate reconnaissance activities with the UNESCO-led International Tsunami Survey Team. Such data are important for understanding how to design buildings to resist earthquakes and tsunamis for public safety. Many parts of the United States and other places in the world that face similar hazards will benefit from such discoveries, which will help shape building design codes, which are important for public safety. These new standards, validated by information collected on this project, could also provide data in the near future to assist Japan in the recovery phase of their disaster stricken coastal areas. This project will also enable graduate students to observe sites impacted by tsunamis and learn from this event so that they will be better prepared to lead future generations of engineers in reducing seismic and tsunami risk.