ARI-MA: Recasting Nuclear Forensics Discovery as a Digital Library Search Problem

1140073（Gey）。 核法证学是一门科学，用于确定当局可能查获的走私核材料的来源和特性（美国物理学会/美国科学促进会联合工作组：核法证学：作用、最新技术水平、方案需求，2008年）。 核材料鉴定对减少国际威胁至关重要，本项目旨在在这方面迈出重要一步。核材料鉴定过程将是一个针对标准核材料样品及其数字签名的数字图书馆的搜索问题。 这应该证明是有用的，提供一个概念，算法的方法，核材料的识别和起源。其中的元素的问题和问题要解决的是：可以识别的核样品，代表在核衰变链中的节点接近作为一个加权，标记有向图匹配问题？化学材料和化合物的标准XML表示是否可以扩展到表示核同位素衰变链过程？从现有的表示，核衰变理论可以用来推断下游（分析后的时间）或上游（样品分析前的时间，直到时间零）。是否可以使用模拟方法来开发一个从核衰变微分方程导出的伪数字库，以测试算法研究，而不必在保密的面纱下操作？ 该项目旨在回答这些问题，开发一个核特征数字图书馆，并进行实地教育宣传，以鼓励更多的搜索专家致力于研究这些问题。与洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室（核材料样品库）和劳伦斯伯克利实验室（核本体）的项目进行了合作。该项目的成果旨在包括向国内核鉴定组织机构和国家实验室团体提供核法证搜索的开放源代码，并简化核材料鉴定程序。 这个项目被认为是第一个计算机科学算法的方法，核取证搜索问题作为一个特殊的有向图匹配问题。该项目的成功将鼓励其他计算机科学家从事核取证搜索工作。 成功进行核法证搜索是打击恐怖主义活动和防止灾难性的个别恐怖主义核袭击的一个关键组成部分。

1140073 (Gey). Nuclear forensics is the science of identification of source and characteristics of smuggled nuclear materials possibly seized by authorities (APS/AAAS Joint Working Group: Nuclear Forensics: Role, State of the Art, Program Needs,2008). Nuclear material identification is of utmost importance to international threat reduction and this project targets making a significant step in this effort. The nuclear materials identification process will be cast as a search problem against a digital library of standard nuclear materials samples and their digital signatures. This should prove useful to supply a conceptual, algorithmic approach to nuclear material identification and origination. Among the elements of the problem and questions to be resolved are: Can the identification of nuclear samples which represent the nodes in a nuclear decay chain be approached as a weighted, labeled directed graph matching problem? Can the standard XML representations of chemical materials and compounds be extended to represent the nuclear isotope decay chain process? From existing representations, nuclear decay theory can be used to extrapolate downstream (times after analysis) or upstream (time prior to sample analysis, up to time zero). Can a simulation approach be used to develop a pseudo-digital library derived from the differential equations of nuclear decay to test algorithmic research without having to operate under the veil of secrecy? This project seeks to answer these questions, develop a digital library of nuclear signatures, and field educational outreach to encourage more search specialists to dedicate research attention to the problems. Cooperation has been obtained from projects at Los Alamos National Laboratory (nuclear materials samples library) and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (nuclear ontology). The results of the project are targeted to include open-source code for nuclear forensics search to be made available to DNDO agencies and national laboratory groups, and to streamline the process of nuclear materials identification. This project is believed to be the first computer science algorithmic approach to the nuclear forensics search problem as a special directed graph matching problem. The success of this project would encourage other computer scientists to work on nuclear forensics search. Success in nuclear forensics search is a critical component to fighting terrorist activity and preventing disastrous individual terrorist nuclear attacks.