SI2-SSI: The Language Application Grid: A Framework for Rapid Adaptation and Reuse

对跨学科、教育和工业的强大语言处理能力的需求，对国家安全、基础设施发展和美国商业竞争力至关重要。然而，目前还不存在支持自然语言处理（NLP）研究和开发的健壮的、可互操作的软件基础设施。为了填补这一空白，该项目建立了一个大型的国际合作努力，包括主要的国际参与者，以开发一个开放的、基于网络的基础设施，通过这个基础设施，大量和分布的语言资源可以很容易地全部或部分访问，并且在这个基础设施中，定制的语言服务可以被研究人员、开发人员和学生有效地组成、传播和使用。这个项目的目标是在NLP社区内建立一个网络服务和资源的综合网络。这需要四个具体的活动：(1)为NLP开发设计、开发和推广面向服务的体系结构，该体系结构定义原子和组合web服务，并支持服务发现、测试和重用；(2)基于日本开发的Service Grid软件构建语言应用网格（LAPPS Grid）；(3)为基于组件和应用的评估提供开放推进（OA）框架，能够快速识别模块内常见的错误类别，从而有助于更有效地投入资源；(4)积极促进LAPPS网格的采用、使用和社区参与。通过提供对基于云的服务的访问和对本地运行服务的支持，LAPPS网格将导致语言数据和处理能力的大规模全球网络的发展，可以由来自不同学科的科学家和工程师使用，提供不需要语言处理专业知识就可以使用的组件。社会学、心理学、经济学、教育、语言学、数字媒体和人文学科的研究将受到多种语言轻松操作和处理各种语言数据源的能力的影响。

The need for robust language processing capabilities across academic disciplines, education, and industry is without question of vital importance to national security, infrastructure development, and the competitiveness of American business. However, at this time a robust, interoperable software infrastructure to support natural language processing (NLP) research and development does not exist. To fill this gap, this project establishes an large international collaborative effort involving key international players to develop an open, web-based infrastructure through which massive and distributed language resources can be easily accessed, in whole or in part, and within which tailored language services can be efficiently composed, disseminated and consumed by researchers, developers, and students. The goal of this project is to build a comprehensive network of web services and resources within the NLP community. This requires four specific activities: (1) Design, develop and promote a service-oriented architecture for NLP development that defines atomic and composite web services, along with support for service discovery, testing and reuse; (2) Construct a Language Application Grid (LAPPS Grid) based on Service Grid Software developed in Japan; (3) Provide an open advancement (OA) framework for component- and application-based evaluation that enables rapid identification of frequent error categories within modules, thus contributing to more effective investment of resources; (4) Actively promote adoption, use, and community involvement with the LAPPS Grid. By providing access to cloud-based services and support for locally-run services, the LAPPS Grid will lead to the development of a massive global network of language data and processing capabilities that can be used by scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines, providing components that require no expertise in language processing to use. Research in sociology, psychology, economics, education, linguistics, digital media, and the humanities will be impacted by the ability to easily manipulate and process diverse language data sources in multiple languages.