Reducing Vibration and Wind Loads in Tall Buildings Using Fluidic-based Aerodynamic Modification (FAM)

这项研究旨在开发一种革命性的方法来塑造高层建筑，以减少它们的风荷载。其概念是使用基于流体的空气动力学修改(FAM)，通过在关键位置注入流体来修改建筑周围的风流，以改善结构的空气动力学“形状”。这些流体干预措施将改变当地的流动，从而使建筑经历更少的风荷载。主动流动控制目前在航空领域被广泛应用于改善翼型的流动特性；它在建筑物等钝体上的应用是新颖的。拟议研究的目的是论证FAM方法在减少响应方面的可行性；通过对建筑物荷载和周围流型的影响来研究射流/流动和流动/结构相互作用的基本原理；从响应减少和投入能量的角度评估稳定和周期性强制注入流的效率。这项研究将建立在伦斯勒流动物理与控制中心(CeFPaC)进行的行业资助的风洞测试的基础上，用于FAM的流线型物体，如飞机上的翼型和风力涡轮机。该项目将提供该方法的概念证明，以及FAM是否具有改进高层建筑设计的潜力。预计到2050年，世界人口将增加50%，达到90亿左右，其中大部分将发生在城市地区。当前对城市土地的压力导致高层建筑成为人口稠密城市的主要建筑形式，并在20世纪最后20年刺激了城市复兴。然而，大多数新的城市开发，特别是在高层建筑类型方面，没有遵循环境和/或可持续设计的原则。虽然在这些建筑物的建造中发展和增加使用轻质和高强度材料为它们提供了更少的质量，但也增加了它们对动态风荷载效应的敏感性。因此，将这些新材料融入高层建筑所带来的收益，被需要更多地关注它们在强风条件下的宜居性所抵消。对于大多数又高又细的建筑来说，设计既取决于强度，也取决于适用性(人类的宜居性)。仅通过在射流干预下操纵结构表面的流动来控制结构的气动性能具有重要意义，这对全球能源和资源消耗具有巨大的潜在影响。将物体的定义扩展到几何学的固体边缘边界之外，包括其周围的流体，将重新定义工程结构与其所处流动之间的其他动力学关系，并影响热量和质量(湿度)传递、势能收集、污染物捕获、降噪、室内空气管理等。这将使高层建筑能够适应其外部环境，提供更安全、更健康的室内环境，同时降低建筑成本和能源支出。一个由四名教员组成的团队将共同致力于这个项目，其中工程学和建筑学各有两名教职员工。该教育计划建议加强6-8年级学生的STEM，方法是在全国未来城市竞赛的框架内，根据风流研究设计一个城市，将对气流的关注扩展到城市规模。

This research aims to develop a revolutionary approach to the shaping of tall buildings to reduce their wind loading. The concept is to use Fluidic-based Aerodynamic Modification (FAM), where wind flow is modified around the building by the injection of fluid flow in strategic locations, to improve the aerodynamic 'shape' of a structure. These fluid interventions will modify the local flow such that the building experiences reduced wind loads. Active Flow Control is now being widely used in the aeronautical world to improve flow characteristics over airfoils; its application to bluff bodies, such as buildings, to reduce response is novel. The objectives of the proposed research are to demonstrate the feasibility of the FAM approach in reducing response; to investigate the fundamentals of jet/flow and flow/structure interaction both through their impact on the loading on the building and on the flow patterns around it; and to assess the efficiency of steady and periodic forcing of the injected flow in terms of their response reduction and invested energy. The research will build on industry funded wind tunnel tests undertaken at the Center for Flow Physics and Control (CeFPaC) at Rensselaer for FAM on streamlined bodies such as airfoils on planes and wind turbines. This project will provide proof of concept of the approach and whether FAM has the potential to improve tall building design. By 2050 it is anticipated that the World's population will have increased by 50% to around 9 Billion and that the majority of that increase will occur in urban areas. The current pressure on urban land has led to tall buildings being the dominant building form in densely populated cities and has stimulated urban regeneration in the last two decades of the 20th Century. However, the majority of new urban developments, especially with respect to tall building typologies, have not followed principles of environmental and/or sustainable design. While the development and increased use of light-weight and high-strength materials in the construction of these buildings has provided them with reduced mass, it has increased their susceptibility to dynamic wind load effects. Thus the gains afforded by incorporating these new materials into tall buildings are countered by the need to focus much more attention on their habitability under strong wind conditions. For most tall, slender buildings the design is governed by both the strength and serviceability (human habitability). The significance of controlling the aerodynamic performance of a structure solely by the manipulation of the flow over its surface with fluidic intervention has huge potential impact on global energy and resource consumption. Extending the definition of a body beyond the solid edge boundary of geometry to include the fluid around it, will redefine other dynamic relationships between engineered structures and the flow they are immersed in, and impact heat and mass (humidity) transfer, potential energy harvesting, pollutant capture, noise reduction, indoor air management, etc. This will allow tall buildings to become adaptive to their external environment and provide a safer and a healthier indoor environment, while decreasing construction costs and energy expenditure. A team of four faculty members, two each from engineering and architecture will work together on this project. The educational plan proposes strengthening STEM for 6-8 graders through extending the focus on airflow to the urban scale by designing a city based on wind flow studies within the framework of the national Future Cities Competition.