Accelerator Research on Electron Cloud Characterization

强度前沿的研究建立在高强度加速器和存储环的开发基础上。随着循环束流的增加，特别是对于带正电的束流，各种效应，如电子云的上升，变得越来越具有挑战性。例如，在Project-X升级中，费米实验室主喷射器中的束流强度预计将增加约四倍，预计电子云的形成将是一个问题。IIT小组打算详细测量在不同材料和不同束流条件下形成的电子云。工作计划将涉及设计工作，以发展电子云测量技术的性能和多样性，以及验证或改进科学界在数值模拟中使用的电子云模型。这项研究将与费米实验室和阿贡国家实验室的专家合作进行。通过这个项目，IIT正在建立一个新的加速器物理和材料研究研究生课程，以支持未来加速器的发展，学生参与研究的方方面面，从硬件到建模再到数值模拟。

Research at the Intensity Frontier builds upon the development of High Intensity Accelerators and Storage Rings. With the increase in circulating beam currents, particularly for positively charged beams, various effects such as the rise of electron clouds become increasingly challenging. For example, the beam intensity in the Fermilab Main Injector is predicted to increase approximately four-fold for the Project-X upgrade, and electron cloud formation is expected to be a problem. The IIT group intends to measure in detail electron cloud formation in the presence of different materials and under varying beam conditions. The program of effort will involve design work to evolve the performance and variety of electron cloud measurement techniques, as well as to validate or improve electron cloud models used in numerical simulations by the scientific community. The research will be performed collaboratively with experts at Fermilab and at Argonne National Laboratory. Through this program, IIT is building a nascent graduate program in accelerator physics and materials research to support future accelerator development, with students involved in all aspects of the research, from hardware to modeling to numerical simulations.