Collaborative Research: AVATOL - Next Generation Phenomics for the Tree of Life

达尔文的进化论解释了数以百万计的物种是相关的，并向生物学家和古生物学家提出了发现生命树分枝模式的巨大挑战。这一巨大挑战的工作是绘制一张地球历史上与物种相关的地图，并回答诸如“一个物种最接近的亲戚是什么？”以及“哪些物种可以制造重要的产品？”为了做到这一点，科学家利用了所有可遗传的特征，包括基因类型(例如DNA)和表型(例如解剖学)。然而，表型的研究仍然复杂和缓慢，因为它还没有被计算机科学和工程创新所彻底改变。一个由生物学家、计算机科学家和古生物学家组成的团队将扩展和调整计算机视觉、机器学习、众包和自然语言处理的方法，以实现对生命树表型的大规模快速和自动化研究。三年的目标是发布使用新方法建立的大型表型数据集，并为公众和科学界提供未来工作的工具。计划对教师和学生(幼儿园-博士后水平)进行培训，并聘用“公民科学工作者”。巨大的物候学数据集，其中许多带有图像，将满足公众对生物多样性和化石记录的重要兴趣。

Darwin's theory of evolution explained that millions of species are related, and dealt biologists and paleontologists the enormous challenge of discovering the branching pattern of the Tree of Life. Work on this great challenge is producing a map of species-relatedness through Earth history, and answering questions such as "what is the closest relative of a species?" and "what species make important products?" To do this scientists draw on all heritable features, including genotypes (e.g., DNA) and phenotypes (e.g., anatomy). Studying phenotypes, however, has remained complicated and slow, because it has not been revolutionized by computer science and engineering innovations. A team of biologists, computer scientists, and paleontologists will extend and adapt methods from computer vision, machine learning, crowd-sourcing and natural language processing to enable rapid and automated study of phenotypes for the Tree of Life on a vast scale. The three-year goal is to release large phenomic datasets built using new methods, and to provide the public and scientific community with tools for future work. Planned is the training of teachers and students (kindergarten - postdoctoral levels) and the engagement of "citizen scien-tists." Enormous phenomic datasets, many with images, will fill an important public interest in biodiversity and the fossil record.