Collaborative Research: Impacts of Abrupt Environmental Change on North Pacific Human Ecosystem Dynamics using High Resolution Zooarchaeological Records from Coastal Washington

该项目将通过分析动物遗骸来研究社区对突发环境变化的反应，因为它们反映了生存实践和环境条件，这些遗骸来自Tse-whit-zen，这是华盛顿西北海岸下Elwha kallam村之前挖掘的一个村庄，大约2700年前开始被占领，并在1800-100年前加强。这段时间跨越了几次高震级地震，小冰期和中世纪气候异常，以及受庇护的潮间带栖息地的逐渐增加。研究小组将利用从觅食理论中得出的预测，探索这些事件如何随着时间的推移影响动物资源以及家庭和更大社区内的不同人群。这些沉积物非常完整，详细的地质考古现场记录，从7个时期收集的大量严格收集的动物样本，以及在tse - white -zen的鸟类，鱼类，贝类和哺乳动物的体积可比样本，提供了一个高分辨率的记录，过去人类利用动物资源，这在北太平洋是无与伦比的。考虑到西北海岸和北部地区之间的相似之处和直接联系，该研究项目将为研究北极系统和过程的学者提供直接相关的模型、方法和结果。在这两个地区，以鱼类、贝类和海洋哺乳动物为主要食物的船只流动觅食者已经适应了受周期性环境、地貌和气候变化影响的复杂、动态的海岸线。全球环流模式连接着北太平洋和北冰洋，迁徙物种在这两个地区之间架起了桥梁。我们的项目也为全球人类生态动力学联盟提供了一个理想的比较案例研究，该联盟是由美国国家科学基金会资助的，旨在将北极生态动力学与更广泛的全球背景联系起来。该项目对下Elwha kallam部落来说是有价值的，他们参与了tse - white -zen遗址的挖掘，他们关心遗址和收藏的未来。研究人员将与部落教育工作者、野生动物管理人员和参与规划博物馆的文化专家分享动物数据、出版物和专业见解。他们还将与地方和州政府机构合作，根据我们的结果开发教育材料，以满足公众为未来地震相关事件做好准备的日益增长的需求。研究人员预计，他们的工作记录了动物对地震、气候变化、当地海岸线变化和人类开发战略的精细反应。关注的物种？（例如鲑科、地鱼、海洋哺乳动物）将协助目前的野生动物管理工作。

This project will examine community response to abrupt environmental change through analysis of animal remains as they reflect subsistence practices and environmental conditions, from Tse-whit-zen, a previously excavated Lower Elwha Klallam village on the northwest coast of Washington, with occupation beginning around 2700 years ago and intensifying between about 1800-100 years ago. This time period spans several high-magnitude earthquakes, the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climatic Anomaly, and a gradual increase in sheltered intertidal habitat. The research team will explore how these events affected animal resources and different people within households and larger communities over time, using predictions drawn from foraging theory. The extraordinary integrity of the deposits, the detailed geoarchaeological field recording of deposits, the large and rigorously collected faunal samples from 7 time periods, and volumetrically comparable samples of birds, fish, shellfish, and mammals at Tse-whit-zen offer a high-resolution record of past human use of animal resources that is unparalleled in the North Pacific. The research project will provide models, methods and results of direct relevance to scholars working on Arctic systems and processes, given the parallels and direct linkages between the Northwest Coast and areas to the north. In both regions, boat-mobile foragers with maritime subsistence focused on fish, shellfish, and marine mammals, have adapted to complex, dynamic coastlines affected by periodic environmental, geomorphic and climatic changes. Global circulation patterns link the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans and migratory species bridge the two areas. Our project also provides an ideal comparative case study for the Global Human Ecodynamics Alliance, an NSF funded initiative developed to link Arctic Polar Ecodynamics to the broader global context.The project will be valuable to the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe who were integrally involved in the excavation of the Tse-whit-zen site, are concerned about the future of the site and the collection. The researchers will share faunal data, publications and professional insights with tribal educators, wildlife managers, and cultural specialists involved in planning a museum. They will also be collaborating with local and state governmental agencies that will develop educational materials from our results, to meet a growing need to prepare the public for future earthquake-related events. The researchers anticipate that their work documenting fine-scale animal response to earthquakes, climate change, local shoreline change, and human exploitation strategies for several ?species of concern? (e.g. salmonids, ground fish, sea mammals) will assist current wildlife management efforts.