Conference: Plant Virology Satellite Symposium for 31st Annual Meeting of American Society of Virology, July 21-25, 2012 at the Monona Terrace Convention Center in Madison, WI

学术价值：这个项目是为了帮助支持美国病毒学学会第31届年会上的植物病毒学卫星星期六研讨会，该年会将于2012年7月21-25日在威斯康星州麦迪逊的Monona Terrace会议中心举行。研讨会由植物病毒学俱乐部(PVC)赞助，这是美国病毒学学会内的一个组织，发起的目的是支持年度会议上专注于植物病毒的研究和演讲者。理事会每隔一年在协会年会上举办一次为期一天的研讨会。今年的研讨会是由Anne Simon博士组织的，她是当选的植物病毒委员和该项目的PI。西蒙博士在她的整个职业生涯中一直致力于将从事植物和动物病毒研究的研究人员聚集在一起，并使动物病毒研究人员更多地意识到使用植物病毒作为模型的令人兴奋的工作。大多数病毒学家在医学院接受研究生教育，几乎一致忽视与植物病毒有关的研究。同样，大多数研究植物病毒的学生都是在植物病理系接受教育的，这些系同样很少花时间研究动物病毒。这种分离造成了人们对同一地区工作的动物病毒学家目前正在使用植物病毒进行的研究的欣赏程度的差距。这种不重视减少了对模式植物病毒工作的影响，也导致了对使用模式植物病毒的研究的支持(来自美国国家卫生研究院和美国农业部)的损失。动植物病毒学家之间的低水平“串话”也阻碍了对病毒复制/基因表达、RNA结构/功能以及先天免疫等广泛领域的研究。根据宿主分离病毒对研究产生负面影响的最突出的例子是RNA沉默领域，在线虫中晚些时候发现之前，RNA沉默是众所周知的对植物病毒的一种保护机制。关于动物和植物病毒混合讨论的会议很少(例如，每三年举行一次正链RNA病毒会议)，即使在这些会议上，绝大多数讨论仍然集中在动物病毒上。今年卫星研讨会的主题是：病毒复制和移动：在植物和动物病毒之间架起桥梁，这一想法来自于安妮·西蒙和格兰特·麦克法登编辑的一期《病毒学》(2011年11月)。本期是围绕一系列与植物和动物病毒学家相关的主题设计的，每个主题都由一名动物和一名植物病毒学家涵盖。这些主题是：病毒复制；病毒翻译；病毒起源；病毒胞膜重组；以及病毒细胞间运动。这些作者被选为各自领域的世界领导者，他们在提交的材料中纳入了同行章节的信息，以更好地将相互交叉的领域联系在一起。西蒙博士的想法是围绕这些主题组织一次新颖的植物病毒学研讨会，并邀请作者发言。所有作者都热情地同意前来展示他们目前的研究，并将这项研究置于更广泛的植物和动物病毒研究学科范围内。这应该会扩大观众对研究领域的欣赏，无论主持人是谁，并有望在广泛的病毒学领域内培养新的交流领域。广泛的影响：从事植物/昆虫/真菌病毒研究的研究生/博士后将有资格获得这些由NSF赞助的奖项。这将确保受益的学生不会从事人类健康/相关研究，这不太适合NSF支持。将注意向美国所有地区的实验室分发旅行奖励，并将优先考虑代表人数不足的少数族裔、妇女和残疾人的学生/博士后。我们还与爱思唯尔一起安排了本次研讨会所依据的当前病毒学观点的免费副本，这将允许与会者立即访问涉及动植物病毒学的评论文章，从而进一步扩大教育机会。西蒙博士在她的职业生涯中一直倡导在这个国家扩大病毒学家的教育，这次研讨会是这些努力的高潮。这些旅行奖项将允许那些由于目前的资金环境而可能因为经济原因而无法参加的学生，参与到这一令人兴奋的多个病毒学领域的交集中。

Intellectual Merit: This project is to help support the Plant Virology Satellite Saturday Symposium at the 31st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Virology, which will take place from July 21-25, 2012 at the Monona Terrace Convention Center, Madison, Wisconsin. The Symposium is sponsored by the Plant Virology Club (PVC), an organization within the American Society of Virology that was initiated to support research and speakers at the annual meeting who focus on plant viruses. The PVC sponsors a one day Symposium every other year at the Annual Meeting of the ASV. The Symposium this year was organized by Dr. Anne Simon, the elected Plant Virus Councilor and the PI on this project. Dr. Simon has worked throughout her career to bring together researchers working on plant and animal viruses and to make animal virus researchers more aware of the exciting work that uses plant viruses as models. Most virologists receive their graduate education in Medical Schools, which nearly uniformly ignore research that pertains to plant viruses. Similarly, most students studying plant viruses are educated in plant pathology departments that likewise spend little time on animal viruses. This separation has created a gap in the appreciation of the research currently being conducted using plant viruses by animal virologists working in the same area. This lack of appreciation reduces the impact of the work on model plant viruses and also has resulted in the loss of support (from NIH and USDA) for research that uses model plant viruses. The low level of 'cross-talk' between animal and plant virologists has also retarded research in the broad areas of virus replication/gene expression and RNA structure/function as well as innate immunity. The most prominent example of the negative impact on research that accompanies segregation of viruses according to host is the field of RNA silencing, which was well known to exist as a protective mechanism against plant viruses before its belated discovery in nematodes. Conferences that intermix talks on animal and plant viruses are rare (e.g., the Plus-strand RNA Virus meetings every three years), and the vast majority of talks even at these meetings continue to focus on animal viruses. The idea for this year's Satellite Symposium, entitled: Virus Replication and Movement: Building Bridges Between Plant and Animal Viruses came from an issue of Current Opinion in Virology (Nov, 2011), which was edited by Anne Simon and Grant McFadden. This issue was designed around a series of topics that were relevant to both plant and animal virologists, with each topic covered by an animal and a plant virologist. These topics are: Virus replication; Virus translation; Virus origins; Virus reorganization of intracellular membranes; and Virus cell-to-cell movement. The authors, selected as being world leaders in their fields, incorporated information from their counterpart's chapter into their submission, to better tie together the intersecting fields. Dr. Simon's idea was to organize a novel Plant Virology Symposium around each of these topics and invite the authors to speak. All authors gave enthusiastic agreement to come and present their current research, and place this research within the broader disciplines of plant and animal virus research. This should result in a broadening of the appreciation of research fields regardless of the host by audience members and hopefully foster new areas of communication within the broad field of Virology.Broader Impacts: Graduate Students/Postdocs who work on plant/insect/fungal viruses will be eligible for these NSF-sponsored awards. This will assure that the students benefiting are not engaged in human health/related research, which is less appropriate for NSF support. Attention will be paid to distribution of the travel awards to labs in all regions of the US, and preference will be given to students/postdocs who are underrepresented minorities, women and persons with disabilities. We have also arranged with Elsevier to present free copies of the Current Opinion in Virology that this symposium is based on, which should allow participants to immediately access review articles that span animal and plant virology, thus further broadening the educational opportunity. Dr. Simon has spent her career advocating for the broadening of the education of virologists in this country and this symposium is the culmination of these efforts. These travel awards will allow students who might not have been able to attend for financial reasons due to the current funding climate, to participate in this exciting intersection among many fields of virology.