Collaborative Research: Role of the Central Scotia Sea Floor and North Scotia Ridge in the Onset and Development of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

学术价值：德雷克航道和火地岛以南的西斯科舍海的开放打破了最终的大陆屏障，形成了完整的南极绕极流(ACC)。在时间上，ACC的启动与全球气温的大幅突然下降和南极冰盖在33-34 Ma的快速扩张有关。导致德雷克通道形成的事件鲜为人知。了解中斯科舍海和北斯科舍海脊的构造演化是了解这一点的关键。以前的工作已经证明，叠加的构造形成了一个火山弧，可能阻止了从太平洋向东通过开放的德雷克海峡门户直接流向大西洋，就像今天活跃的南桑德威奇弧所做的那样。私人投资机构提议进行一次巡航，以进一步有针对性地绘制和挖掘他们的CS构造理论及其对ACC的发生和发展的影响，以测试、开发和完善这些理论。此外，他们提议安装GPS接收器，以测试他们的古地理重建，并确定南乔治亚州是否正在作为南美板块的一部分移动。更广泛的影响：研究生将参与研究的所有阶段。本科生也将作为守望者参与进来。一名社区大学教师将参加邮轮。私人投资促进局将有一个网站，上面将显示实际进行的海底疏浚作业的图像。教师将通过PolarTREC参与网络和外展支持。这次巡航的结果引起了古海洋学家、古气候模型学家和古生物学家的广泛兴趣。

Intellectual Merit: Opening of Drake Passage and the West Scotia Sea south of Tierra del Fuego broke the final continental barrier to onset of a complete Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Initiation of the ACC has been associated in time with a major, abrupt, drop in global temperatures and the rapid expansion of the Antarctic ice sheets at 33-34 Ma. Events leading to the formation of the Drake Passage gateway are poorly known. Understanding the tectonic evolution of the floor of the Central Scotia Sea (CSS) and the North Scotia Ridge is a key to this understanding. Previous work has demonstrated that superimposed constructs formed a volcanic arc that likely blocked direct eastward flow from the Pacific to the Atlantic through the opening Drake Passage gateway as the active South Sandwich arc does today. The PIs propose a cruise to test, develop and refine, with further targeted mapping and dredging, their theory of CSS tectonics and the influence it had on the onset and development of the ACC. In addition they propose an installation of GPS receiver to test their paleogeographic reconstructions and determine whether South Georgia is moving as part of the South American plate. Broader impacts: A graduate student will be involved in all stages of the research. Undergraduate students will also be involved as watch-standers. A community college teacher will participate in the cruise. The PIs will have a website on which there will be images of the actual ocean floor dredging in operation. The teacher will participate with web and outreach support through PolarTREC. Results of the cruise are of broad interest to paleoceanographers, paleoclimate modelers and paleobiogeographers.