Dissection Of Polysaccharide Deposition And Assembly Into Plant Cell Walls

这个多学科项目的首要长期目标是研究植物细胞如何将不同的多糖、酶和结构蛋白输送到它们发育中的细胞壁中。植物细胞壁是一种动态结构，在生长发育、维持细胞完整性和抵御病原体方面起着关键作用。它们主要由结构碳水化合物组成，可以分解成糖，直接作为食物/饲料提供能量，或间接作为生物燃料提供能量。因此，提高对细胞壁如何组装的理解可以增加食物供应和可再生燃料来源。虽然植物细胞壁的结构和合成已被普遍了解，但对多糖的转运机制和细胞壁的生物合成机制却知之甚少。这种转运是通过称为内膜系统的亚细胞室的复杂网络介导的。本项目旨在确定调节细胞壁成分运输和沉积的细胞膜运输途径。该项目使用细胞渗透性小分子来抑制细胞壁沉积。在这些化合物的帮助下，靶向膜途径将被表征，并在这些途径中涉及的新成分将被识别。包括遗传学，细胞生物学和生物化学在内的多学科方法将增加我们对调节壁沉积过程的理解。一些学生科学家，包括来自代表性不足和经济上处于不利地位的族裔群体的本科生，将在该项目中接受多学科研究培训，从而增强科学界的族裔和文化多样性。从该项目中选出的化学探针将在本科实验课程中用作实时成像教学工具。将为区域生命科学教育者提供动手实验室经验，在整个教育系统中传递兴奋和最先进的知识。该项目产生的数据将通过Chemmine （http://bioweb.ucr.edu/ChemMineV2/）和MASCP Gator （http://gator.masc-proteomics.org/）提供；种子库存和构建等材料将通过拟南芥生物资源中心（http://abrc.osu.edu/）获得。

The overarching long-term goal of this multidisciplinary project is to investigate how plant cells deliver different polysaccharides, enzymes and structural proteins into their developing cell walls. Plant cell walls are dynamic structures that play a pivotal role in growth and development, the maintenance of cell integrity and protection against pathogens. They are composed primarily of structural carbohydrates that can be broken down into sugars, providing energy directly as food/feed, or indirectly as biofuels. Thus, an improved understanding of how cell walls are assembled can lead to an increased food supply and renewable sources of fuels. Although the structure and synthesis of plant cell walls is generally understood, remarkably little is known about the transport mechanisms of polysaccharides and the cell wall biosynthesis machinery. This transport is mediated through a complex network of subcellular compartments called the endomembrane system. This project aims at identifying endomembrane trafficking pathways regulating the transport and deposition of cell wall components. The project uses cell permeable small molecules that inhibit cell wall deposition. With the aid of these compounds, the targeted endomembrane pathways will be characterized and new components involved in these pathways will be identified. Multidisciplinary approaches including genetics, cell biology and biochemistry will add to our understanding of the processes that regulate wall deposition. A number of student-scientists, including undergraduate students from underrepresented and financially disadvantaged ethnic groups will receive multidisciplinary research training in the project, thus enhancing the ethnic and cultural diversity of the scientific community. Selected chemical probes from the project will be used as live imaging teaching tools in an undergraduate laboratory course. Hands-on laboratory experience for regional life sciences educators will be provided, transferring excitement and state of the art knowledge across the educational system. Data generated through this project will be available through Chemmine (http://bioweb.ucr.edu/ChemMineV2/) and MASCP Gator (http://gator.masc-proteomics.org/); materials such as seed stocks and constructs will be available through the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (http://abrc.osu.edu/).