International Partnerships and Technological Leapfrogging in China's Clean Energy Sector

清洁能源技术合作是遏制气候变化国际努力的一个不断扩大的领域。通过利用多个国家的技术专长，在清洁能源研究、开发、示范和部署方面开展多边和双边跨境合作，有望加快清洁能源的创新和利用。由于中国是最大的能源消费国和温室气体排放国，未来几十年中国的能源技术决策将对能源安全和环境可持续性产生影响，并将影响美国和世界各地未来的技术和政策决策。因此，中国已成为国际清洁能源合作的首要目标。本项目考察了决定跨国清洁能源伙伴关系有效性的因素。这项研究的结果将有助于更好地理解各国与中国之间的清洁能源技术合作是如何发生的，如何提高国际伙伴关系的有效性，以及如何衡量和评估这些项目。将重点放在针对处于不同技术成熟阶段和具有不同技术特征的清洁能源技术的伙伴关系上，有望阐明各种跨国研究合作中知识产权管理的经验教训。此外，在衡量现有合作伙伴关系的成果方面，本研究将有助于发展基于经验的创新指标和衡量中国创新活动的新方法，同时也为新兴经济体的创新系统理论提供信息。该项目还将增进我们对中国在关键清洁能源技术领域的创新能力的了解，以及国际伙伴关系在减少中国温室气体排放方面的作用。更广泛的影响。该项目将为全球管理人员提供有关技术发展领域创新的信息，这些创新有利于全球社会和全球环境。这项工作的结果将有助于为有关低碳技术发展途径、发达国家和发展中国家各自在创新和制造业方面的能力以及对全球化世界中知识产权和竞争的关注等方面的政策辩论提供信息。此外，它有望提供新的见解，了解富有成效的国际技术伙伴关系是如何发生的，以及这种伙伴关系如何为遏制全球碳排放和与中国接触提供新的机会。

Clean energy technology cooperation is an expanding area of international efforts to curb climate change. By harnessing the technical expertise of multiple nations, multilateral and bilateral cross-border collaboration on clean energy research, development, demonstration and deployment promises to speed clean energy innovation and utilization. Because China is the largest national energy consumer and greenhouse gas emitter, energy technology decisions there in the coming decades have implications for both energy security and environmental sustainability, and will shape future technology and policy decisions in the United States and around the world. China has therefore become the primary target of international clean energy collaboration.This project examines factors that determine the efficacy of cross-national clean energy partnerships. The results of this research will contribute to an improved understanding of how clean energy technology collaboration between various countries and China is occurring, how to improve the effectiveness of international partnerships, and how to measure and evaluate such programs. The focus on partnerships targeting clean energy technologies at different stages of technical maturity and with differing technical characteristics promises to elucidate lessons for intellectual property management within a variety of cross-national research collaborations. Additionally, in measuring the outcomes of existing partnerships, this research will contribute to the development of empirically-grounded innovation metrics and new ways of measuring innovative activity in China, while also informing innovation systems theory in emerging economies. This project will also improve our understanding of China's innovative capacity in critical clean energy technology sectors, and the role of international partnerships in reducing China's greenhouse gas emissions.Broader Impacts. This project will inform the global management of innovation in an area of technological development that benefits both global society and the global environment. The findings of this work will help to inform policy debates on pathways towards low carbon technology development, the respective capabilities of developed and developing countries in innovation and manufacturing, and concerns about intellectual property rights and competition in a globalizing world. Furthermore, it promises to provide new insight into how productive international technology partnerships occur, and how such partnerships may present new opportunities to curb global carbon emissions and to engage with China.