Collaborative Research: GEM--Hot Flow Anomalies at the Earth's Bow Shock and Their Geomagnetic Effects

热流异常（hfa）是在行星弓激波附近观测到的以加热等离子体和流动偏转为特征的动力学现象。本提案的目的是确定HFAs的性质及其产生机制。本研究将系统地调查两种类型的HFAs。它们是与行星际磁场不连续有关的传统hfa和在没有磁场不连续的情况下发生的自发hfa。这项研究将使用来自Cluster和THEMIS卫星的大型数据库，并结合分析理论和混合模拟。首席研究员（PI）是一名年轻的女助理教授，这笔资金将支持一名女研究生。这项研究的结果将在PI的课堂上使用。她将提供数据库。

Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) are kinetic phenomena observed near planetary bow shocks that are characterized by heated plasma and flow deflection. The objective of this proposal is to determine the properties of HFAs and their generating mechanisms. The study will systematically survey two types of HFAs. They are traditional HFAs which are associated with interplanetary magnetic field discontinuities and spontaneous HFAs which occur in the absence of magnetic field discontinuities. This study will use a large data base from the Cluster and THEMIS satellites coupled with analytic theory and hybrid simulations.The Principal Investigator (PI) is a young woman assistant professor and this grant will support a female graduate student. The results of this study will be used in the PI's classes. She will make the data base available.