Collaborative Research: Deciphering the regional-versus-global aspects of the Toarcian (Jurassic) Oceanic Anoxic Event in North America

合作研究：解读北美托阿尔期（侏罗纪）海洋缺氧事件的区域性与全球性方面本杰明·吉尔，弗吉尼亚理工大学，邮编：1324752迈克尔·福尔莫洛，塔尔萨大学，邮编：1324751摘要地质记录包含了许多与环境变化有关的生物危机的过去实例。这些事件可以被认为是过去的实验，为了解当前和未来地球表面系统的动态提供了一个窗口。中生代（2.52亿至6500万年前）的海洋缺氧事件（OAE）是与地球目前变化特别相关的例子。这些间隔是值得注意的，因为它们的特点是广泛的海洋缺氧和灭绝事件。OAE也发生在全球迅速变暖和全球碳循环受到大干扰的时期，被认为与温室气体水平增加有关。本次调查的目标是中生代最古老的OAE--早侏罗世的Toarcian OAE（约1.83亿年前）。过去对这一事件的研究已经确定了对全球碳和硫循环的重大干扰以及大范围海洋缺氧的发生。然而，迄今为止，大多数Toarcian OAE研究来自欧洲相对有限的地理区域。不完整的Toarcian地球化学记录导致了积极的辩论都在全球性的元素循环的变化和海洋缺氧的地理范围。本研究将调查北美黑色页岩和碳酸盐岩中Toarcian OAE的无机和有机地球化学记录，以评估该事件的全球与区域性质。此外，这些新数据将与欧洲的现有数据相结合，采用综合建模方法，测试触发、维持和终止这一事件的假设机制。首先是弗吉尼亚理工大学和塔尔萨大学的研究生和早期职业科学家的发展。第二个项目是通过弗吉尼亚理工大学的地球科学博物馆开发一个教育项目，旨在向公众介绍地球上过去的环境变化。地球科学博物馆是该地区仅有的几个公共科学场馆之一，它为接触通常不会接触到这门科学的部分人口提供了一个很好的场所。最后的贡献将是通过塔尔萨本科生研究挑战赛（TURC）的本科生研究人员的导师。该计划专门促进本科生和社区外展的研究。

Collaborative Research: Deciphering the regional-versus-global aspectsof the Toarcian (Jurassic) Oceanic Anoxic Event in North AmericabyBenjamin Gill, Virginia Tech University, EAR-1324752Michael Formolo, University of Tulsa, EAR-1324751ABSTRACTThe geologic record contains many past instances of biological crises linked to environmental change. These events can be thought of as past experiments that offer a window into understanding the dynamics of the current and future Earth surface system. The Oceanic Anoxic Events, or OAEs, of the Mesozoic Era (252 to 65 million years ago) are particularly relevant examples to the present changes on Earth. These intervals are notable because they are characterized by widespread marine anoxia and extinction events. OAEs also occur during times of rapid global warming and large disturbances to the global carbon cycle, thought to be associated with increased levels of greenhouse gases. The target of this investigation is the oldest of the Mesozoic OAEs -- the Toarcian OAE of the Early Jurassic (approximately 183 million years ago). Past studies of this event have identified major disturbances to the global carbon and sulfur cycles and the occurrence of widespread marine anoxia. However, to date, the majority of these Toarcian OAE studies come from a relatively confined geographical area in Europe. The incomplete Toarcian geochemical record has led to active debates regarding the global nature of both the changes in the element cycles and the geographic extent of marine anoxia. This study will investigate both the inorganic and organic geochemical record of the Toarcian OAE in North American black shales and carbonates to assess the global-versus-regional nature of the event. Further, these new data will be integrated with the available data from Europe in a comprehensive modeling approach that will test the hypothesized mechanisms that triggered, maintained and terminated this event.This study will have three main broader impact contributions. The first will be the development of graduate students and early career scientists at Virginia Tech and the University of Tulsa. The second will be the development of an educational program through the Museum of Geosciences at Virginia Tech aimed to inform the public about past environmental change on Earth. The Museum of Geosciences offers one of only a few public science venues in the region, and it provides an excellent venue for reaching portions of the population that would not normally be exposed to this science. The last contribution will be the mentorship of undergraduate researchers through the Tulsa Undergraduate Research Challenge (TURC). This program specializes in facilitating research for undergraduate students and community outreach.