Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Archaeology of Hittite Imperialism and Ceramic Production in Late Bronze Age Cilicia

在Peter Magee教授的指导下，Steven Karacic将研究来自Tarsus-Gözlükule遗址的晚期青铜时代IIA(约公元前1400-1200年)陶瓷，Tarsus-Gözlükule是土耳其西利西亚地区的一个主要定居点，也是赫梯帝国的一个省级中心。几代人以来，帝国一直是学术调查的对象，这些调查从帝国首都获得了物质和历史证据。这种方法对那些生活在帝国枷锁下的人民的洞察有限，往往在建立帝国主义的过程中扮演省级行为者的被动角色。塔尔苏斯-哥斯吕库勒作为一个省级中心，提供了一个独特的机会来调查帝国对政治上被剥夺公民权的人口的影响。由于考古记录只保留了一个社会的一小部分物质文化，对陶瓷的研究是研究古代生活方式的重要手段之一。来自塔尔苏斯-哥斯吕库勒和赫梯帝国其他当代遗址的陶器通常被解释为标准化陶瓷业的产物，与皇室的直接控制有关，与省内民众的任何形式的中介脱节。对塔尔苏斯-哥斯吕库勒陶器的初步宏观分析表明，生产和消费模式更加复杂。通过岩相学分析、仪器中子活化分析和烧成试验，将有可能进一步了解赫梯帝国某省的陶瓷生产和消费情况。通过这种方式，本论文将重写西里西亚在第二个千年后半叶的叙事，为赫梯帝国主义提供新的见解，并在人类学学科内对帝国的辩论做出贡献。在更广泛的范围内，该项目将分析来自旧挖掘的材料，为该地区正在进行的研究贡献相关数据，促进国际合作，并将休眠的考古材料转化为教学资源。这项研究中的陶瓷是在20世纪30年代挖掘出来的，当时这些技术中的许多要么还没有出现，要么还处于初级阶段。这种对先前挖掘的材料的重新分析及其随后在学术期刊和会议论文中的传播对该学科具有根本的重要性。该项目产生的矿物学和地球化学数据将是Tarsus-Gözlükule以及该地区其他几个地点目前挖掘的资产，这些数据的交换将促进美国和土耳其研究人员之间的国际合作。最后，为岩石学制作的数据和薄片将被纳入布林莫尔学院的研究生和本科生课程，从而有助于培训新一代考古学家。

Under the supervision of Professor Peter Magee, Steven Karacic will study the Late Bronze Age IIA (c. 1400-1200 BCE) ceramics from the site of Tarsus-Gözlükule, a major settlement in the region of Cilicia, Turkey and a provincial center within the Hittite Empire. For several generations, empires have been the subject of scholarly investigations which privilege evidence, both material and historical, from the imperial capital. Such approaches provide limited insight into those peoples living under the imperial yoke, often assuming a passive role on the part of provincial actors in the establishment of imperialism. Tarsus-Gözlükule, as a provincial center, provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of empire on a politically disenfranchised population.Since the archaeological record preserves only a fraction of a society's material culture, the study of ceramics is one important means of investigating ancient lifeways. Often the pottery from Tarsus-Gözlükule and other contemporary sites within the Hittite Empire as been interpreted as the product of a standardized ceramic industry linked to direct imperial control and divorced from any form of agency on the part of the provincial population. A preliminary macroscopic analysis of the pottery from Tarsus-Gözlükule suggests more complicated patterns of production and consumption. Through petrographic analysis, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, and firing tests, it will be possible to offer further insight into the production and consumption of ceramics within a province of the Hittite Empire. In this way, the dissertation will re-write the narrative for Cilicia in the later half of the second millennium, offer new insights into Hittite imperialism, and contribute to debates on empire within the discipline of Anthropology.On a broader scale, this project will analyze material from an old excavation, contribute relevant data to ongoing research in the region, promote international collaboration, and convert dormant archaeological materials into pedagogical resources. The ceramics in this study were excavated in the 1930s, when many of these technologies were either unavailable or in their infancy. This re-analysis of previously excavated material and its subsequent dissemination in academic journals and conference papers is of fundamental importance to the discipline. The mineralogical and geochemical data generated by this project will be an asset to current excavations at Tarsus-Gözlükule as well as several other sites in the region, and the exchange of this data will promote international collaboration between US and Turkish researchers. Finally, the data and thin-sections produced for petrography will be incorporated into graduate and undergraduate courses at Bryn Mawr College and will thus contribute to the training of a new generation of archaeologists.