High Energy Physics Research at the CMS Experiment

20世纪最重要的智力成就之一是粒子物理学标准模型（SM）的发展。这个模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子划分为具有相似量子特性的等级。到目前为止，这个模型的有效性最近在欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）上被发现的希格斯玻色子所证实。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题，包括为什么希格斯质量具有它所具有的价值这样的基本问题。在这个项目中，新的分析技术将应用于寻找“超越标准模型”的新物理，使用在大型强子对撞机的紧凑型介子螺线管（CMS）实验中收集的数据。大型强子对撞机是首屈一指的能量前沿粒子加速器，在瑞士日内瓦附近的欧洲核子研究中心实验室运行。它目前是回答“超越标准模型”问题和研究希格斯玻色子性质的最重要的设施之一。这项新技术——推进喷流算法——是发现从新粒子（如希格斯玻色子）衰变的初级夸克特性的一种方法。在CMS中，主要相互作用产生的夸克的特征是形成大量沿大致相同方向流动的被探测到的粒子。这种结构被称为喷流。从背景中提取射流并测量射流的能量和精确方向需要复杂的算法，例如这里将使用的增压射流算法。这些夸克很难被探测到，因为它们隐藏在由无趣衰变产生的粒子背景中，即所谓的堆积背景。我们感兴趣的夸克喷流来自于新粒子的衰变，比如希格斯玻色子和其他尚未发现但理论上提出的粒子，这些粒子衰变为高度增强（高动能）的顶夸克和二玻色子共振（WW， ZZ和WZ）。增压射流算法和其他相关技术在识别高背景下的增压射流方面显示出巨大的前景，并正在有效地用于分析CMS数据。这项工作的广泛影响包括扩大布法罗大学（UB）目前的外展计划的覆盖范围，使更广泛的公众参与讨论粒子物理学的主要成果，并为年轻学生活跃粒子物理学。这将基于PI在UB组织的“higgsest”类似的事件来实施。

One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the Higgs mass has the value it has. In this project new analysis techniques will be applied in the search for "Beyond the Standard Model" new physics using data collected at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC. The LHC is a premier Energy Frontier particle accelerator, operating at the CERN laboratory near Geneva Switzerland. It is currently one of the foremost facilities for answering "Beyond the Standard Model" questions and studying the properties of the Higgs boson. The new technique, boosted jet algorithms, is a way of discovering the properties of primary quarks decaying from new particles such as the Higgs boson. The signature of quarks from a primary interaction in CMS is the formation of a large number of detected particles all flowing in approximately the same direction. This formation is known as a jet. Extracting jets from background and measuring the energy and precise direction of a jet requires sophisticated algorithms such as the boosted jet algorithm that will be used here. These quarks are difficult to detect because they are hidden in a background of particles coming from uninteresting decays, the so-called pile-up background. The quark jets of interest here are coming from the decay of new particles such as the Higgs boson and other as-yet undiscovered, but theoretically proposed, particles that decay to highly boosted (high kinetic energy) top quarks and di-boson resonances (WW, ZZ and WZ). The boosted jet algorithm and other related techniques are showing great promise in identifying boosted jets in the presence of high background and are being used productively in the analysis of CMS data.The broader impact of this work involves extending the coverage of the current outreach program at the University of Buffalo (UB) to engage the broader public in discussions of major results in particle physics, as well as to enliven particle physics for young students. This will be implemented based on similar events as the "HiggsFest" that the PI organized at UB.