Research in Elementary Particle Physics

现代粒子物理学实验的主要目标是揭示标准模型的新物理基础。可能的方法包括在加速器上研究最高碰撞能量下的物理过程，或通过研究中微子的非常罕见的相互作用。芝加哥粒子物理小组在这两个领域都很活跃。 更广泛的影响：芝加哥小组通过LAPPD（Large Area Picosecond Photodetector，大面积皮秒光电探测器）合作，为粒子物理学快速计时探测器的发展做出了重大贡献。 这样的仪器对于下面描述的中微子和对撞机实验至关重要，并且在其他领域也很重要，包括医学和国土安全的应用。 此外，芝加哥集团通过其对鼓励服务不足的学生和少数民族参与科学的项目的重大贡献，如恩里科费米暑期实习生项目和他们的扩展你的视野项目，对更广泛的社区进行了非常强大的推广计划。智力优势： 在瑞士日内瓦欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）上进行最高碰撞能量实验的目标是了解2012年在那里发现的希格斯玻色子的性质，并发现标准模型之外的新物理学。这些目标与理解宇宙在大爆炸后短短一秒钟内的最基本水平以及为什么我们现在看到的宇宙有关。为了迎接这一探索的挑战，提出了新的理论，开发和建造了新的探测器和加速器，并创造了新的计算和分析方法，所有这些都对短期内培训青年科学家和长期提高技术对社会的益处产生了广泛的影响。接下来的三年代表了LHC物理计划的过渡，从8 TeV的碰撞能量数据采集和操作，到扩展操作和数据采集，几乎是能量的两倍，13-14 TeV。 来自美国的一千多名科学家参与了这一科学计划的几项重大实验。芝加哥小组是参与欧洲核子研究中心ATLAS实验的重要小组之一。他们的贡献包括广泛参与实验的技术进步，领导了快速跟踪触发器（FTK）的开发和强子量热法（TileCAL）的升级。 该小组的主要分析重点将是希格斯物理学，希格斯衰变模式为B和反B夸克。 这种拓扑结构将使重要的研究希格斯属性和搜索新的物理使用这种B -反B衰变作为一种工具，暗物质搜索与重夸克，并搜索新的物理使用di-jet事件。 FTK和/或TileCAL以及芝加哥小组为分析LHC第一次主要运行的数据而开发的射流子结构工具将极大地促进这些研究，并将在2015年开始的即将到来的运行中使用。在中微子物理学中，芝加哥小组将完成其对基于反应堆的中微子实验的贡献，称为双中微子，它将用近和远探测器测量中微子混合角θ 13。 到目前为止，Double Doppler的测量仅来自单个检测器。

Overview: The principal goal of experiments in modern particle physics is to uncover new physics that underlies the Standard Model. Possible approaches include the study of physics processes at the highest available collision energies at accelerators or through studies of the very rare interactions of neutrinos. The Chicago Particle Physics group has been active in both domains. Additionally the group is making significant technological contributions to the development of very fast timing detectors and is advancing a graduate program of accelerator research.Broader impacts: The Chicago group has made major contributions to the development of fast timing detectors for particle physics through the LAPPD (Large Area Picosecond Photodetector) collaboration. Such instrumentation is critical for neutrino and collider experiments described below, and is also important in other fields including applications in medicine and homeland security. The developed technology is now in a phase of transfer to industry.Additionally the Chicago group has had a very strong program of outreach to the broader community through its major contributions to programs that encourage the participation of underserved students and minorities in science such as the Enrico Fermi Summer Interns Program and their Expanding Your Horizon Program.Intellectual Merit: A goal of experiments at the highest available collision energies at the Large Hadron Collider (the LHC) at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland is to understand the nature of the Higgs Boson, recently discovered there in 2012, and to discover new physics beyond the Standard Model. These goals are relevant to the understanding of the Universe at its most fundamental level in the fleeting fraction of a second just after the Big Bang, and to why we see the Universe as we do now. To meet the challenges of this quest, new theories are advanced, new detectors and accelerators are developed and built, and new computing and analytical methodologies are created, all of which have significant broader impact for the training of young scientists in the near term and the advancement of technological benefits to society over the longer term. The next three years represent a transition of the LHC physics program from a collision energy of 8 TeV data-taking and operation, to extended operations and data taking at nearly double the energy, 13-14 TeV. Over a thousand scientists from the United States are involved with this scientific program on several major experiments. The Chicago group is one of the important groups participating in the ATLAS experiment at CERN. Their contributions include extensive involvement in the technical advancement of the experiment, leading the development of the Fast Track Trigger (the FTK) and the upgrade of the hadron Calorimetry (the TileCAL). The group's principal analytical focus will be Higgs physics, with the Higgs decay mode into b and anti-b quarks. This topology will enable important studies of Higgs properties and searches for new physics using this b - anti b decay as a tool, dark matter searches with heavy quarks, and searches for new physics using di-jet events. These studies will be greatly facilitated by the FTK and/or the TileCAL and by a jet substructure tool which has been developed by the Chicago group for the analysis of the data from first major run of the LHC, and which will be exploited in the upcoming run which begins in 2015.In Neutrino Physics the Chicago group will be completing its contributions to the reactor-based neutrino experiment called Double Chooz, which will measure the neutrino mixing angle, theta13, with both near and far detectors. Until now, the measurements from Double Chooz were from a single detector only.