U.S. Annual Dues Support for IASC and SCAR 2014-2016

智力优势：美国国家科学院极地研究委员会（Polar Research Board，PRB）是两个国际组织的美国国家委员会：国际北极科学委员会（International Arctic Science Committee，IASC）和南极研究科学委员会（Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research，SCAR）。机构间常设委员会鼓励和促进北极研究各方面和北极地区各领域的合作，向北极理事会和其他国际政策组织提供科学投入，并提供种子基金支持国际科学发展。南极研究科学委员会通过实施新的研究举措、确定新出现的科学主题、促进国际合作和伙伴关系以及就与南极地区和南大洋的管理和保护有关的问题向《南极条约》缔约国和其他方面提供科学咨询意见，帮助领导国际南极科学界。更广泛的影响：美国对IASC和SCAR的支持为美国科学家提供了与其他国家的同事建立网络和发展伙伴关系的机会。对于早期的职业科学家，这些组织提供了一个论坛，以扩大研究兴趣和建立新的联系。SCAR和IASC？环境署的政策咨询活动有助于确保有关管理和保护这些区域的重要政策决定至少部分地基于合理的科学评估。通过南极研究科学委员会和机构间常委会开展国际合作？跨学科的国际研究活动使美国能够完成单个研究人员、项目或国家无法单独完成的科学目标，并为美国科学家提供了其他方式无法获得的机会。

Intellectual Merit: The Polar Research Board (PRB) of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences serves as the U.S. National Committee to two international organizations: the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). IASC encourages and facilitates cooperation in all aspects of Arctic research and in all areas of the Arctic region, provides scientific input to the Arctic Council and other international policy organizations, and provides seed money to support international science development. SCAR helps lead the international Antarctic science community by implementing new research initiatives, identifying emerging scientific themes, promoting international cooperation and partnerships, and providing scientific advice to the Parties to the Antarctic Treaty and others on issues related to the management and protection of the Antarctic region and the Southern Ocean. The U.S. dues requested leverages in-kind contributions from countries around the world.Broader impacts: U.S. support for IASC and SCAR provides opportunities for U.S. scientists to network and develop partnerships with colleagues in other countries. For early career scientists these organizations offer a forum to expand research interests and make new connections. SCAR and IASC?s policy advisory activities help ensure that important policy decisions about managing and protecting these regions are based, at least in part, on sound scientific assessment. International collaboration through SCAR and IASC ?s interdisciplinary, international research activities allows the U.S. to accomplish scientific objectives that would be impossible for single investigators, programs, or countries to do alone and provides opportunities for U.S. scientists that would not otherwise be available.