DIMENSIONS: Collaborative Research: The Making of Biodiversity Across the Yeast Subphylum

酵母是理解和整合驱动物种多样化和产生生物多样性的遗传和生态因素的模式生物。酵母表现出显著不同的代谢类型，使它们能够成功地栖息在每一个大陆和每一个主要的水生和陆地栖息地，然而，人们对这些特征在酵母物种多样性中的分布知之甚少。通过创建和分析第一个全面的基因组数据集和高级分类等级（亚门）的代谢多样性目录，该项目将深入了解代谢的关键变化如何影响真核微生物生态和多样性。通过为研究人员、临床医生、教师和学生创建一个交互式的基于网络的界面，将促进对基因组数据的包容性大规模分析，以探索亚门作为理解生物多样性形成的模型。这些数据将是潜在的价值从业人员使用酵母，以改善工业和医疗过程。本项目的目标是在遗传和表型（如代谢、形态）水平上确定酵母菌亚门的代谢和生态多样性，然后推断其历史变化的速度和模式。为了确定代谢多样性的遗传基础，该项目将为所有约1000个已知物种生成功能注释的基因组序列，并将基因组内容与整个亚门的生态和代谢数据进行比较。该项目将准确重建所有已知物种的系统发育关系，并将利用这些关系为医学和生物技术上重要的酵母建立稳定的分类。该项目将通过追踪酵母代谢、生态学和致病性的历史，为生物多样性产生的方式以及驱动和塑造生物多样性的关键变化提供新的见解。

The yeasts are model organisms for understanding and integrating the genetic and ecological factors that drive species diversification and generate biodiversity. Yeasts show remarkably different types of metabolism, allowing them to successfully inhabit every continent and every major aquatic and terrestrial habitat, however little is known about the distribution of these traits among the diversity of yeast species. By creating and analyzing the first comprehensive genomic dataset and catalog of metabolic diversity for a high-level taxonomic rank (subphylum), this project will provide insight into how key changes in metabolism shape eukaryotic microbial ecology and diversity. Inclusive large-scale analysis of the genome data will be fostered by creating an interactive web-based interface for researchers, clinicians, teachers, and students to explore the subphylum as a model for understanding the making of biodiversity. These data will be of potential value for practitioners using yeast to improve industrial and medical processes. The goals of this project are to determine the metabolic and ecological diversity of the Saccharomycotina subphylum at the genetic and phenotypic (e.g. metabolism, morphology) levels, and then to infer the tempo and mode of change across its history. To determine the genetic basis of metabolic diversity, the project will generate functionally annotated genome sequences for all ~1,000 known species and compare genome content with ecological and metabolic data from the entire subphylum. The project will accurately reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of all known species and will use these relationships to develop a stable taxonomy of medically and biotechnologically important yeasts. The project will provide new insights into the manner in which biodiversity arises and the key changes that drive and shape it by tracing the history of yeast metabolism, ecology, and pathogenicity.