Engineering Research Center for Bio-mediated and Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG)

职务名称：生物介导和生物启发岩土工程（CBBG）工程研究中心。地面工程是所有民用基础设施建设，修复受污染的地下水，减轻地震和山体滑坡以及恢复自然资源的关键部分。 例如，建筑物和桥梁通过地基由地面支撑，隧道在地面中建造，堤坝和水坝在地面上建造，自然资源从地面开采或泵出，其废料，如尾矿，放置在地面上。目前，几乎所有用于工程地面的方法都使用大量的能源和材料，通常是水泥和混凝土，并产生大量的温室气体。 自然生物过程可以做许多工程师需要做的事情，例如通过细菌的作用加强土壤，促进沙粒的胶结形成砂岩，利用明显较低的能量水平，并且只使用空气和地面中自然存在的材料。 CBBG ERC将进行基础研究，以了解在地下活动的生物过程，包括细菌、植物和动物的活动。 该中心将开发直接使用自然产生的细菌来强化土壤的方法，以减轻地震引起的液化，并清理污染场地。 它还将使用受生物过程启发的方法来设计更有效的隧道过程，基础和传感器，可以穿透地面并到达所需位置。 这项研究的预期效益将是建造民用基础设施的成本更低，能源和材料的使用量减少，环境退化减少。 CBBG的创新生态系统将汇集关键的工业，监管和民用基础设施利益相关者，使中心的研究发现商业化并最大限度地为社会带来利益。 此外，该中心致力于教育，准备和激励新一代创新的生物技术工程学生，他们将有机会在多学科，基于团队的跨学科研究环境中进行培训。 通过利用工业伙伴关系和教育未来的劳动力，CBBG ERC将确保美国在快速发展的生物技术领域领先世界。 ERC由亚利桑那州立大学领导，合作伙伴包括格鲁吉亚理工学院、加州大学戴维斯分校和新墨西哥州州立大学。 生物和生物启发过程的使用将使岩土工程实践发生范式转变，从依赖能源和材料密集型解决方案到最大限度地减少工程解决方案影响的解决方案。 实验室研究已经表明，利用天然存在的细菌通过至少三种不同的机制来减轻液化，并显着减少土路和建筑工地上的扬尘。 研究还表明，树根在横向风荷载抵抗方面比塔基更有效，而蚂蚁在隧道挖掘方面比人类效率高出几个数量级。 该中心将进行基础工程，生物，化学和工程研究，以了解这些生物过程。 利用这些知识，他们将利用生命周期成本分析（LCCA）和生命周期可持续性分析（LCSA），与他们的工业合作伙伴一起确定这些知识的最有前途的应用，并继续评估这些项目。 试验台将被用来证明该中心的可行性？的研究，并提供切合实际的成本估计，以比较目前的做法。

Title: Engineering Research Center for Bio-mediated and Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG).Ground engineering is a critical part of the construction of all civil infrastructure, remediation of contaminated groundwater, mitigation against earthquakes and landslides, and the recovery of natural resources. For example, buildings and bridges are supported through foundations by the ground, tunnels are constructed in the ground, levees and damns are constructed of and on the ground, and natural resources are mined or pumped from the ground and their waste materials, such as mine tailings, are placed on the ground. Currently, almost all the methods used to engineer the ground use large amounts of energy and material, typically cement and concrete, and produce large amounts of greenhouse gasses. Natural biological processes can do many of the same things that engineers need to do, such as strengthen the soil through the action of bacteria facilitating the cementation of sand particles to make sandstone, utilizing significantly lower levels of energy and only the materials found naturally in the air and ground. The CBBG ERC will conduct basic research to understand biological processes that act in the ground, including the action of bacteria, plants and animals. The Center will develop ways to directly use naturally occurring bacteria to strengthen the soil, to mitigate against earthquake-induced liquefaction, and clean up polluted sites. It will also use methods inspired by biological processes to design more efficient tunneling processes, foundations and sensors that can penetrate the ground and travel to desired locations. The expected benefits of this research will be less costly construction of civil infrastructure with reduced energy and material use and less environmental degradation. The CBBG's Innovation Ecosystem will bring together the key industrial, regulatory and civil infrastructure stakeholders necessary to commercialize the Center's research discoveries and to maximize benefits to society. In addition the Center is committed to educating, preparing and inspiring a new generation of innovative biogeotechnical engineering students who will have the opportunity to train in a multi-discipline, team-based interdisciplinary research setting. By leveraging industrial partnerships and educating the workforce of the future the CBBG ERC will ensure that the United States leads the world in the rapidly developing field of biogeotechnics. The ERC is led by Arizona State University, with partners at the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of California, Davis, and New Mexico State University. Use of biological and bio-inspired processes will create a paradigm shift in the practice of geotechnical engineering from one that depends on energy and materials intensive solutions to one that minimizes the impact of its engineering solutions. Laboratory investigations have already shown the potential of utilizing naturally occurring bacteria to mitigate liquefaction through at least three different mechanisms, and to significantly reduce fugitive dust on dirt roads and construction sites. Research has also shown that tree roots are significantly more efficient at lateral wind load resistance than tower foundations, and ants are several orders of magnitude more efficient than humans in tunneling. The Center will conduct fundamental engineering, biological, chemical and engineering research to understand these biological processes. Using this knowledge, they will utilize Life Cycle Cost Analyses (LCCA) and Life Cycle Sustainability Analyses (LCSA) to identify with their industrial partners the most promising applications of this knowledge, and continue to evaluate these projects as they move to the field scale. Test beds will be used to demonstrate the viability of the Center?s research and provide realistic cost estimates to compare with current practice.