Collaborative Research: Ground-based Measurements to Constrain Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in West Coast United States Storms

这项研究旨在描述美国西海岸冬季风暴期间作为云凝结核(CCN)和冰核粒子(INP)的气溶胶粒子的特征。具体地说，研究人员将参加CalWater-2/ACAPEX野外活动，结合加州博德加湾的地面测量和机载仪器研究大气河流(AR)现象和气溶胶对加利福尼亚州塞拉山脉冬季降水的影响。智慧价值这些地面和现场空中测量将提高我们对生物和其他气溶胶类型在增强或抑制美国西部冬季地形降水方面的作用的基本理解。将使用各种仪器来直接和远程测量这些气溶胶。通过改进对温度高于零下20摄氏度的云中冰形成的理解，这些结果应该有助于云微物理学界。这项研究将在Calwater-2实地活动期间与能源部(DOE)和国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)合作进行。陆基和船基数据将与空中数据相结合，形成云凝结核(CCN)和冰核粒子(INP)浓度的四维图。数据集将被整合到对这些气溶胶对加利福尼亚州塞拉山脉冬季和早春降水影响的描述中。更广泛的影响该项目将支持两所大学(科罗拉多州立大学和北卡罗来纳州立大学)使用包括共聚焦荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜在内的先进仪器对博士生进行培训。在美国西部持续干旱的情况下，这项研究对于促进我们对生物和其他气溶胶类型对塞拉山脉冬季降水的了解是及时和关键的。作为美国粮食供应的主要来源地区，对这些气溶胶在冬季降水中作用的更好的了解对加州由此产生的春季和夏季水资源管理政策具有广泛的影响。

AbstractThis research seeks to characterize aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particles (INPs) during wintertime storms along the west coast of the U.S. Specifically the researchers will participate in CalWater-2/ACAPEX field campaign with a combination of ground measurements at Bodega Bay, CA and airborne instruments studying the Atmospheric River (AR) phenomena and the impact of aerosols on wintertime precipitation in the Sierra Mountains of California. Intellectual MeritThese ground-based and in situ airborne measurements will improve our fundamental understanding of the role of biological and other aerosol types in enhancing or suppressing orographic precipitation over the western U.S. during winter. A variety of instruments will be used to directly and remotely measure these aerosols. The results should aid the cloud microphysics community through improved understanding of ice formation in clouds at temperatures warmer than -20C. This study will be conducted in collaboration with the Department of Energy (DoE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) during the CalWater-2 field campaign. The ground- and ship-based data will be combined with airborne data to develop a four-dimensional view of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and Ice Nucleating Particle (INP) concentrations. Data sets will be integrated into a description of the influences of these aerosols on winter and early spring precipitation in the Sierra Mountains of California. Broader ImpactsThis project will support the training of Ph.D. students from two universities (Colorado State University and North Carolina State University) using advanced instrumentation including confocal fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. With the ongoing drought in the western United States this study is both timely and critical in advancing our understanding of biological and other aerosol types on wintertime precipitation in the Sierra Mountains. As a major source region of the U.S. food supply, an improved understanding of the role of these aerosols on wintertime precipitation has broad implications on the resulting spring and summer water management policy in California.