Collaborative Research: Ground-based Measurements to Constrain Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in West Coast United States Storms

摘要本研究旨在描述美国西海岸冬季风暴期间作为云凝结核（CCN）和冰成核粒子（INPs）的气溶胶粒子的特征。具体而言，研究人员将参加CalWater-2/ACAPEX野外活动，并结合在Bodega湾的地面测量。研究大气河（AR）现象和气溶胶对加州塞拉山脉冬季降水影响的CA和机载仪器。这些基于地面和现场的空气测量将提高我们对生物和其他气溶胶类型在增强或抑制冬季美国西部地形降水中的作用的基本理解。各种仪器将用于直接和远程测量这些气溶胶。这一结果将有助于云微物理学界提高对温度高于零下20摄氏度时云中冰形成的理解。这项研究将在CalWater-2野外活动期间与能源部（DoE）和国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）合作进行。地面和船上的数据将与机载数据相结合，形成云凝结核（CCN）和冰成核粒子（INP）浓度的四维视图。数据集将被整合到这些气溶胶对加州塞拉山脉冬季和早春降水影响的描述中。更广泛的影响该项目将支持两所大学（科罗拉多州立大学和北卡罗来纳州立大学）的博士生使用先进的仪器，包括共聚焦荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜的培训。随着美国西部持续的干旱，这项研究对于提高我们对塞拉山脉冬季降水的生物和其他气溶胶类型的理解既及时又关键。作为美国食物供应的主要来源地区，对这些气溶胶在冬季降水中的作用的更好理解对加利福尼亚春夏水资源管理政策的产生具有广泛的影响。

AbstractThis research seeks to characterize aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particles (INPs) during wintertime storms along the west coast of the U.S. Specifically the researchers will participate in CalWater-2/ACAPEX field campaign with a combination of ground measurements at Bodega Bay, CA and airborne instruments studying the Atmospheric River (AR) phenomena and the impact of aerosols on wintertime precipitation in the Sierra Mountains of California. Intellectual MeritThese ground-based and in situ airborne measurements will improve our fundamental understanding of the role of biological and other aerosol types in enhancing or suppressing orographic precipitation over the western U.S. during winter. A variety of instruments will be used to directly and remotely measure these aerosols. The results should aid the cloud microphysics community through improved understanding of ice formation in clouds at temperatures warmer than -20C. This study will be conducted in collaboration with the Department of Energy (DoE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) during the CalWater-2 field campaign. The ground- and ship-based data will be combined with airborne data to develop a four-dimensional view of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and Ice Nucleating Particle (INP) concentrations. Data sets will be integrated into a description of the influences of these aerosols on winter and early spring precipitation in the Sierra Mountains of California. Broader ImpactsThis project will support the training of Ph.D. students from two universities (Colorado State University and North Carolina State University) using advanced instrumentation including confocal fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. With the ongoing drought in the western United States this study is both timely and critical in advancing our understanding of biological and other aerosol types on wintertime precipitation in the Sierra Mountains. As a major source region of the U.S. food supply, an improved understanding of the role of these aerosols on wintertime precipitation has broad implications on the resulting spring and summer water management policy in California.