Mountain Stream Sediment Transport

对项目的非技术性描述，说明项目的重要性和意义河流和溪流的环境对生活在这些流动的沃茨及其周围的野生动物很重要。沉积在河床上的沉积物，以及这些物质的移动方式，是不同物种生存或繁衍能力的关键组成部分。然而，关于沉积物运动过程的第一手资料非常有限，而且很难获得。该项目将收集关于俄勒冈州西部砾石床山溪中颗粒运动的数据，这是银鲑的基本栖息地。了解这些砾石如何以及何时移动将有助于制定保护河流适当区域的策略，以鼓励这些鱼类产卵和觅食。该项目还将采用创新的仪器解决方案，通过嵌入式转发器积极监测砾石的移动，这将有助于模拟其他重要地点的河流运输。在这项研究中使用的小规模水电系统的发展可能提供一个可靠的手段，提供电力的仪器在偏远地区的太阳能是不切实际的。该项目将与来自Siuslaw国家森林（俄勒冈州）的管理人员和科学家合作，他们积极参与河流恢复。这项研究将为研究生提供研究项目，为本科生研究助理提供研究经验。该项目将开发仪器，以连续测量泥沙输运和流量，以及详细的水流水力学、河道几何形状和主要粗糙度要素的测量，以便建立预测泥石流中泥沙输运的经验关系。一个固定的天线阵列将监测嵌入无源集成转发器（PIT）标签的砾石的运动，测井压力传感器将监测天线之间的流动阶段，从而监测天线处的水面梯度。水流水力学、河道地形、河床结构和流内碎屑的详细表征将使表征总边界剪应力、形状阻力和具有经验关系的表面摩擦所需的数据更加完善。一个小规模的水电系统将在雨季云层和地形限制阳光的地方为天线阵列提供可持续的电力。实地工作将在一条陡峭的河流中完成，在那里放置大量木材，以创造庇护所和洪泛区，供本地银鲑觅食。可持续的栖息地改善可能取决于对大型木结构附近沉积物如何移动的可靠预测。

A non-technical description of the project that shows the project's importance and significanceThe environment of rivers and streams is important to wildlife that lives in and around these flowing waters. The sediment that accumulates on the riverbed, and how this material moves, is a critical component of the ability of different species to survive or flourish. However, first-hand knowledge of the processes of sediment movement is very limited and difficult to obtain. This project will collect data on the movement of particles in a gravel-bed mountain stream in western Oregon that is a fundamental habitat for Coho salmon. Knowing how and when these gravels move will help develop strategies for preserving proper areas of the stream to encourage the spawning and foraging of these fish. This project will also apply innovative instrumental solutions to actively monitor the movement of gravel through embedded transponders that will help model river transport in other important locations. The development of the small-scale hydropower system used in this research may provide a reliable means for delivering power to instruments in remote locations where solar power is not practical. The project will work with managers and scientists from the Siuslaw National Forest (Oregon), who are actively engaged in stream restoration. The study will provide research projects for a graduate student and research experience for undergraduate research assistants. A technical description of the projectThis project will develop instrumentation to make continuous measurements of sediment transport and flow, as well as measurements of detailed flow hydraulics, channel geometry, and major roughness elements, in order to develop empirical relationships predicting sediment transport in debris-laden mountain streams. A fixed antenna array will monitor movement of gravel embedded with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and logging pressure transducers will monitor flow stage between antennas and, thus, water surface gradient at the antennas. Detailed characterization of flow hydraulics, channel topography, bed texture, and in-stream debris will round out the data necessary to characterize total boundary shear stress, form drag, and skin friction with empirical relationships. A small-scale hydropower system will sustainably power the antenna array at a site where clouds and topography limit sunshine during the rainy season. The field effort will be accomplished in a steep stream where large wood is placed to create shelter and floodplain inundation for foraging by native Coho salmon. Sustainable habitat improvements may hinge on reliable prediction of how sediment moves in the vicinity of large wood structures.