SHINE: Connecting the Solar Wind From the Corona to the Heliosphere

这个为期3年的SHINE项目旨在通过连接两种完全不同类型的数据，并使用一种新颖、强大的诊断技术——密歇根电离码（MIC），首次对太阳风进行从头到尾的定量研究。该项目的结果将导致对太阳风源区的热和环境条件的定量理解达到一个全新的水平，并对风的物理参数、热历史和加速度进行经验描述。此外，该项目将为社区提供一个新的，强大的工具来预测太阳风中离子电荷状态的演变，以及一个强大的方法来研究太阳风匹配两种完全不同的观测类型：高分辨率光谱和原位离子成分测量。该项目主要是为了资助和发展研究生的技能，研究调查的方法和结果将被纳入研究生的论文。该项目的特殊性质连接了两种完全不同类型的观测和数据分析技术，将使研究生独特地处于两个群体- -原位和遥感群体- -的十字路口，并将为她/他提供为这两个群体作出贡献的专门知识。此外，本科生将通过密歇根大学REU等项目参与其中。该项目的研究和EPO议程支持AGS部门在发现、学习、多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。SHINE项目的主要科学目标是：(1)研究慢速和快速太阳风的加热和加速；(2)唯一识别太阳风源区域。为了实现这些目标，项目团队将：(1)利用MIC，预测太阳风离子丰度从太阳源区到冰点，再到地球的演变；(2)直接和定量地将尤利西斯上SWICS的原位观测与SOHO/尤利西斯和SOHO/Hinode/尤利西斯求积分期间观测到的同一太阳风包的SUMER（机载SOHO）和EIS（机载Hinode）对内日冕的高分辨率测量联系起来。该小组将确定同时适合现场和远程观测的温度、密度和风速剖面。在这个项目中，团队将：(1)确定用于风源区域诊断的电荷状态比；(2)建立太阳风等离子体的经验模型，包括电子密度、电子温度、速度以及元素和离子组成作为距离的函数；(3)确定快慢太阳风的源区。

This 3-year SHINE project aims to quantitatively study the solar wind from end to end, for the first time, by linking two completely different types of data and using a novel, powerful diagnostic technique, the Michigan Ionization Code (MIC). The results of this project will lead to a whole new level of quantitative understanding of the thermal and environmental conditions in the source regions of the solar wind, and in an empirical description of the wind physical parameters, thermal history and acceleration. Furthermore, the project will provide the community with a new, powerful tool to predict the evolution of ion charge states in the solar wind, as well as a powerful methodology to study the solar wind matching two completely different types of observations: high-resolution spectral and in-situ ion composition measurements. The project is primarily intended to fund and develop the skills of a graduate student, and the methodology and results coming from the research investigations will be incorporated into the graduate students thesis. The peculiar nature of the project, which connects two entirely different types of observations and of data analysis techniques, will uniquely position the graduate student at the crossroads of two communities the in-situ and remote sensing communities and will provide her/him the expertise to contribute to both of them. Additionally, undergraduates will be involved through programs like the REU at the University of Michigan. The research and EPO agenda of this project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.The main science objectives of this SHINE project are: (1) investigate the heating and acceleration of both slow and fast solar wind; and, (2) uniquely identify the solar wind source regions. To accomplish these objectives, the project team will: (1) utilize the MIC, which predicts the evolution of the solar wind ion abundances as they leave the Sun from the source region to the freeze-in point and beyond to Earth; and, (2) directly and quantitatively link in-situ observations from SWICS on board Ulysses with high-resolution measurements of the inner corona from SUMER (onboard SOHO) and EIS (onboard Hinode) of the same parcel of solar wind observed during SOHO/Ulysses and SOHO/Hinode/Ulysses quadrature. The team will determine the temperature, density and wind velocity profiles that simultaneously fit both types in-situ and remote observations. During this project, the team will: (1) identify charge state ratios to be used for wind source region diagnostics; (2) develop an empirical model of solar wind plasma, which includes electron density, electron temperature, velocity, and element and ion composition as a function of distance; and, (3) determine the source regions of both fast and slow solar wind.