Collaborative Research: Semi-Active Controlled Cladding Panels for Multi-Hazard Resilient Buildings

建筑立面通常由覆盖层组成，覆盖层位于结构的外周长。传统上，包层的作用是提供建筑外壳，保护居住者免受外界因素的影响。这个研究项目的目标是重新思考包层系统作为多功能结构单元。包层不仅可以满足其传统用途，而且还可以作为工程系统保护结构免受多种危害，包括地震、风和爆炸载荷。包层既可以作为外部施加的侧向载荷（如风和冲击波）的施加点，也可以作为地震或风致振动的附加惯性的贡献者。该项目将探索在建筑的包层和结构框架之间使用半主动控制连接，这些连接将能够提供可变阻尼，以减轻极端载荷的影响。该项目的成果将涉及建筑的覆层，以增强结构对多种危险的抵御能力。未来，建筑和结构工程专业需要在包层设计方面进行合作。该项目的重点是对安装在包层和结构框架之间的原型半主动阻尼装置进行计算模拟，以适应多种危险的不同加载频率和强度。该系统的目标是双重的：(1)使包层作为质量阻尼器，以减轻由于横向荷载振动引起的层间漂移；(2)利用该装置作为横向荷载下的耗能器。将开发一种具有分散控制律的创新半主动装置，以满足与每种危害相关的不同能量耗散和控制目标。研究小组将对具有半主动阻尼装置的实际建筑物进行先进的非线性数值模拟，以评估影响装置控制规律和性能的各种参数。模拟结果将在实验室进行大规模实验验证。实验将包括风和地震载荷的实时混合模拟，这些模拟考虑了整个建筑系统及其与半主动阻尼装置和包层的相互作用。将进行空气冲击波管试验来模拟爆炸载荷。将建立基于性能的设计程序，将半主动包层的设计整合到整体结构设计方法中。

Building facades typically consist of cladding that is placed on the outside perimeter of the structure. Traditionally, cladding serves purposes of providing architectural envelope and protection to the occupants from the outside elements. The goal of this research project is to rethink cladding systems as multi-functional structural units. Not only would the cladding serve its traditional purposes, but it would also be engaged as an engineered system to protect the structure against multiple hazards, including seismic, wind, and blast loads. Cladding serves both as the point of application of externally applied lateral loads such as wind and blast as well as a contributor of added inertia to seismic or wind-induced vibrations. This project will explore the use of semi-active controlled connections between cladding and the structural framing of a building - these connections will be capable of providing variable damping to mitigate the effects of extreme loading. The results of the project will engage the cladding on a building to enhance a structure's resilience to multiple hazards. The professions of architecture and structural engineering will need to collaborate in design of cladding in the future.The focus of this project is to develop computational simulation of a prototype semi-active damping device, installed between the cladding and structural frame, to the varying loading frequencies and intensities from multiple hazards. The objective of the system is twofold: (1) to engage the cladding as a mass damper to mitigate inter-story drift due to lateral load vibrations; and (2) to utilize the device as an energy dissipator under lateral loads. An innovative semi-active device with decentralized control laws will be developed to satisfy the varying energy dissipation and control objectives associated with each hazard. The research team will perform advanced nonlinear numerical simulations of realistic buildings with semi-active damping devices to assess the various parameters that influence the control laws and performance of the devices. The simulations will be validated through large-scale experiments in the laboratory. The experiments will include real-time hybrid simulations for wind and seismic loading that account for the complete building system and its interactions with the semi-active damping devices and cladding. Air-blast shock tube tests will be conducted to simulate blast loading. Performance-based design procedures will be established to integrate the design of semi-active cladding within a holistic structural design approach.