Collaborative Research: Impact of subglacial discharge on turbulent plume dynamics and ocean-glacier heat and mass transfer

北方许多海洋终止冰川最近和正在退缩，这是海平面上升的重要原因。 它是由在冰-海界面发生的知之甚少的过程驱动的，如冰下排入海洋，湍流羽动力学，海底融化和冰山崩解。这些过程（1）本质上是跨学科的，需要冰川学和海洋学的专门知识;（2）难以观察，需要创新的实地技术和仔细的选址。该项目将通过在阿拉斯加LeConte冰川的全面实地活动，并辅以最先进的建模工作，解决冰下排放，湍流羽流动力学和海底融化之间的关系。现场是理想的，因为它跨越了广泛的强迫每天到季节的时间尺度，因为近终端峡湾环境是全年无休。 一个成功的项目将提供一个独特的数据集和改进的模型，用于预测未来海平面上升的贡献。这个跨学科的项目，在冰川学和海洋学领域的接口，提供支持的早期职业生涯的首席研究员（PI）（Amundson）从主要的本科院校（阿拉斯加东南大学）和额外的早期职业生涯PI在俄勒冈州大学。 俄勒冈州州立大学和阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯校区更成熟的PI将指导年轻的团队成员，促进劳动力发展。 将通过与高中学生和参与大学的互动，促进更多的劳动力发展。 PI团队将从阿拉斯加当地一所高中挑选学生参加实地工作的各个方面，并与学校合作，将他们的观察融入课程。 该项目还将为培训两名研究生和一名博士后学者提供支助。 相关的指导计划非常好。 通过利用PI加强对公众的宣传？国内机构？活动 PI将继续与国家公园管理局和美国林务局建立互动。 其中包括公开讲座，以及培训能够广泛接触公众的解说护林员。 最后，他们将编写一份关于其工作的小册子，以进一步加强其公众宣传，该项目将制定冰下排放驱动的羽流的参数，因为它与海洋终止冰川的表面相互作用。 这是一个得到国际社会赞同的目标。 这将通过开展三次密集的实地活动来完成。直接用载人和自主船只对上升流羽流进行采样，ii.测量近终端峡湾环流的羽流下游的影响，iii.确定冰下流量和海底融化速率，以及在整个项目期间，将监测冰下流量和冰前峡湾的环境水特性，以提供i.重要的背景下，密集的实地运动，andii。将利用密集实地活动的数据验证羽流模型，然后利用羽流模型探索长期测量提供的更广泛的参数空间。后者将允许调查海底融化对季节性时间尺度上冰川动态的影响。

Recent and on-going retreat of many Northern hemisphere marine-terminating glaciers is contributing significantly to sea level rise. It is driven by poorly understood processes occurring at the ice-ocean interface, such as subglacial discharge into the ocean, turbulent plume dynamics, submarine melting, and iceberg calving. These processes are (1) inherently interdisciplinary, requiring expertise in both glaciology and oceanography and (2) difficult to observe, requiring innovative field techniques and careful site selection. This project will address the relationship between subglacial discharge, turbulent plume dynamics, and submarine melting through a comprehensive field campaign at LeConte Glacier, Alaska, supplemented by a state-of-the-art modeling effort. The field site is ideal because it spans a wide range of forcings on daily to seasonal time scales and because the near-terminus fjord environment is accessible year round. A successful project will provide a unique data set and improved models for projecting contributions to future sea level rise.This interdisciplinary project, at the interface of the the fields of glaciology and oceanography, provides support for an early-career principal investigator (PI) (Amundson) from a predominantly undergraduate institution (University of Alaska Southeast) and an additional early career PI at University of Oregon. More mature PIs at Oregon State University and University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus will mentor the younger team members, promoting workforce development. Additional workforce development will be promoted through interaction with high school students and at the participating universities. The team of PIs will entrain select students from a local Alaska high school to participate in aspects of the field work and engage with the school to integrate their observations into the curriculum. The project will also provide support for the training two graduate students and a post-doctoral scholar. The associated mentoring plan is very good. Outreach to the general public will be enhanced by leveraging the PIs? home institutions? activities. The PIs will continue established interactions with the National Park Service and the US Forest Service. These include public lectures, as well as training for interpretive rangers who can reach a broad cross-cut of the public. Finally, they will develop a brochure concerning their work to further enhance their public outreach.This project will develop a parameterization of a plume, driven by subglacial discharge, as it interacts with the face of a marine-terminating glacier. This is a goal that has been endorsed by the international community. It will be accomplished by conducting three intensive field campaigns toi. sample the upwelling plume directly with manned and autonomous vessels,ii. measure the downstream impact of the plume on near-terminus fjord circulation,iii. determine subglacial discharge and submarine melt rates, andiv. survey associated changes in glacier terminus dynamics.Subglacial discharge and ambient water properties in the proglacial fjord will be monitored throughout the project in order to providei. important context for the intensive field campaigns, andii. a range of parameter space to be explored by a turbulence-resolving hydrodynamic plume model.Data from the intensive field campaigns will be used to validate the plume model, which will then be used to explore the wider range of parameter space that is provided by long-term measurements. The latter will allow investigation of the impact of submarine melting on glacier dynamics over seasonal timescales.