Physics Beyond Standard Model with the CMS Pixel Detector

世纪的主要学术成就之一是粒子物理学标准模型（SM）的发展。该模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子分类为具有相似量子特性的组的层次结构。迄今为止，该模型的有效性最近在欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机上发现的希格斯玻色子中得到了证实。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题，包括为什么希格斯质量具有它的价值等基本问题。大型强子对撞机（LHC），运行在欧洲核子研究中心实验室附近的日内瓦瑞士，是首屈一指的能源前沿粒子加速器。 目前，它是回答超越标准模型问题和研究希格斯玻色子性质的最重要设施之一。LHC的紧凑μ子螺线管（CMS）实验的主要功能之一是发现标准模型之外的新物理。本文提出的工作将分析CMS实验的数据，寻找超越标准模型（BSM）物理学的信号。该奖项将资助CMS实验的两个方面：1）进一步搜索BSM物理和2）帮助建立CMS第一阶段前向像素探测器（FPix）升级，这将增强CMS发现BSM物理的能力。该奖项支持的CMS物理分析将专注于超对称性（SUSY）和暗物质，两者都是BSM提出的。该奖项将进一步开发和完善在CMS数据中识别b夸克的方法（b标记）。一个超对称候选者是停夸克，它是SM顶夸克的超对称伙伴。终止夸克的衰变产物中含有顶夸克，b标记是发现顶夸克事件的工具。此外，直接产生顶夸克的事件作为背景，以发出包含顶夸克的事件的信号。CMS像素检测器是一种有效提供超对称搜索所需的精确跟踪和b标记的工具。 该奖项还提供了正在费米实验室测试的FPix升级的重要部分。CMS Forward像素升级将允许所有物理研究所需的精确顶点位置，即使在不久的将来LHC运行所预期的恶劣环境（非常高的光度）中。CMS正向像素检测器采用先进的硅技术进行粒子检测，并结合同样复杂的读出电子设备。目前的探测器采用了抗辐射技术和凸点键合等创新技术，以满足高辐射环境下的真实的房地产挑战。这些技术将大大提高外层空间研究中使用的探测器的寿命，并改进用于医疗应用的微型生物传感装置。

One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the Higgs mass has the value it has. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), operating at the CERN laboratory near Geneva Switzerland, is the premier Energy Frontier particle accelerator. It is currently one of the foremost facilities for answering Beyond the Standard Model questions and studying the properties of the Higgs boson. One of the primary functions of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC is to discover new physics beyond the Standard Model. The work proposed here will analyze data from the CMS experiment, looking for signals of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics. This award will fund two aspects of the CMS experiment: 1) further searches for BSM physics and 2) help build the CMS Phase I forward pixel detector (FPix) upgrade, which will enhance the ability of CMS to discover BSM physics. The CMS physics analysis supported by this award will focus on Supersymmetry(SUSY) and Dark Matter, both proposed BSM. A means of identifying b-quarks in the CMS data ( b-tagging) will be further developed and refined by this award. One SUSY candidate is the stop quark, the supersymmetric partner of the SM top quark. Decay products of stop quarks involve top quarks and b-tagging is the tool to find events with top quarks. In addition, events with directly produced top quarks serve as backgrounds to signal events that contain top squarks. The CMS Pixel Detector is the tool to efficiently provide precise tracking and b-tagging needed for SUSY searches. The award also provides important parts of the FPix upgrade which are being tested at FermiLab. The CMS Forward pixel upgrade will allow the precise vertex location, needed for all physics studies, even in the harsh environment (very high luminosity) expected in near future LHC running. The CMS Forward Pixel Detector uses state-of-the art silicon technology for particle detection combined with equally sophisticated readout electronics. Innovative techniques of radiation hard technology and bump bonding have been used in the current detector to meet the real estate challenges in a high radiation environment. These techniques would greatly enhance the life span of detectors used in outer space research and improve bio-sensing miniature devices for medical applications.