IBSS: Global Urbanization and Housing Affordability: Poverty, Property, and the City

据估计，全世界有3.3亿城市家庭居住在不合标准或负担不起的住房中。到2025年，这一数字预计将攀升至4.4亿户，相当于16亿人。这一跨学科研究项目将从全球的角度分析城市化加速和住房成本上涨的后果。通过关注以不同方式应对经济适用房短缺的几个主要城市，该项目将提供对不同政府政策的有效性和意想不到的后果的新理解。研究小组将就全球城市化进程、住房与贫困之间的关系以及城市扩张对大规模环境的影响产生新的数据和分析。该项目将就各种战略、政策和应对措施的有效性和意想不到的后果产生与政策相关的调查结果。研究人员将记录某些思想和法律的发展如何有助于促成当前的危机，这将为规划者和其他决策者提供经验教训。该项目还将记录这场危机的人力成本，并记录住房政策的日常运作方式，为政策制定者提供对问题复杂性的新见解。通过对四个不同大洲(美国纽约、英国伦敦、尼日利亚拉各斯和印度德里)的四个城市的分析，调查人员将通过探索历史记录、目前的住房供应策略以及远离城市的地区发生的一系列社会和环境变化，确定全球经济适用房危机的关键来源。他们将记录经济适用房危机的多重后果，包括征用和土地被圈占的历史过程，高成本城市低收入家庭的当今生存战略，以及更广泛的城市化加速趋势。他们还将评估为什么城市以截然不同的方式应对经济适用房危机，以及这些不同的反应对低收入家庭、城市和周围环境的影响。调查人员将分析基础设施和财产关系、城市贫困和住房市场动态、移民模式以及资本和其他资源的流动。历史地理搜索算法将分析一个大型的档案来源文本数据库，这些数据库记录了20世纪全球范围内的产权争斗。四个重点城市的民族志田野调查将记录低收入居民的日常生活，并分析不同的住房政策如何在基层发挥作用。宏观空间和地理方法将绘制有关基础设施系统的大规模数据，以连接城市及其腹地，突出领土和资源。该项目通过NSF跨学科行为和社会科学研究(IBSS)竞赛得到支持。

An estimated 330 million urban households worldwide live in substandard or unaffordable housing. By 2025, that number is expected to climb to 440 million households, representing 1.6 billion people. This interdisciplinary research project will analyze the ramifications of accelerating urbanization and rising housing costs in global perspective. By focusing on several major cities that are responding to affordable housing shortages in different ways, this project will provide new understanding regarding the effectiveness and unanticipated consequences of different government policies. The research team will generate new data and analyses about processes of global urbanization, the relationship between housing and poverty, and the large-scale environmental impact of expanding cities. The project will produce policy-relevant findings regarding the effectiveness and unanticipated consequences of various strategies, policies, and responses. The researchers will document how the development of certain ideas and laws helped to contribute to the current crisis, which will provide lessons for planners and other decision makers. The project also will catalogue the human costs of the crisis and record how housing policies work on a day-to-day basis, offering policy makers new insights into the complex nature of the problem.Through their analysis of four cities on four different continents (New York in the U.S., London in the United Kingdom, Lagos in Nigeria, and Delhi in India), the investigators will identify key sources of the global affordable housing crisis by exploring the historical record, present-day strategies of housing provision, and a range of social and environmental transformations taking place in territories far removed from the city. They will document multiple consequences of the affordable housing crisis, including historical processes of dispossession and land enclosure, present-day survival strategies of low-income families in high-cost cities, and broader trends of accelerated urbanization. They also will assess why cities have responded to the affordable housing crisis in vastly different ways as well as the consequences of those varied responses for low-income families, cities, and surrounding environments. The investigators will analyze infrastructure and property relations, urban poverty and housing market dynamics, migration patterns, and flows of capital and other resources. Historical geoparsing algorithms will analyze a large textual database of archival sources that document the worldwide contestation of property rights in the 20th century. Ethnographic fieldwork in the four focal cities will document the everyday lives of low-income residents and analyze how different housing policies play out on the ground level. Macrospatial and geographic methods will map large-scale data about infrastructural systems to connect cities and their hinterlands, highlighting territories and resource. This project is supported through the NSF Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (IBSS) competition.