An Ecological Assessment of New York's Home Buyout Program: Exploring Lived Experiences and Implications for Affected Households and Communities

自然灾害发生后，居民可能会发现他们的房屋受损或被摧毁。当这种情况发生时，他们有时会选择或被迫永久迁移到新的社区。在某些情况下，人们在房屋买断计划的帮助下搬迁，该计划允许房主将房屋出售给州政府。通过将居民迁出有灾害风险的地区，买断计划可以改善社区的安全、健康和福祉。他们还可以防范未来灾难带来的昂贵损失。但目前还不清楚，从长远来看，买断计划是否会降低风险或改善居民的福祉。参与买断计划的居民甚至可能会产生负面影响。例如，离开你的社区、朋友和家人可能会带来压力，并可能产生长期的社会和健康后果。由于在面临洪水、飓风和其他灾害风险的地区，越来越多的社区将面临搬迁决定，因此使这一过程尽可能有效和高效将是非常重要的。通过比较飓风桑迪过后纽约三个社区的居民如何受到房屋买断计划的影响，本研究项目将创造关于房屋买断计划如何随着时间的推移影响人们和社区的新知识。研究结果将用于制定建议，以指导这些项目如何保护社区、帮助恢复过程，以及提高社区对灾害和其他危机的抵御能力。该项目将通过在灾害政策和规划方面支持和培训学生和早期职业研究人员来推动该领域的发展。结果和建议将与社区、研究人员和政策制定者分享。本研究项目采用生态学的比较方法，采用混合方法，在多个层面上探索与房屋收购相关的过程和影响。三个具有不同买断经历的社区的居民（一个社区大多数居民选择接受买断，一个社区大多数居民选择拒绝买断，另一个与搬迁社区相邻的非参与社区）将被邀请参加。具体而言，本项目将研究灾后房屋买断经验的三个关键维度：社区内买断决策的异质性，随着时间的推移搬迁和重建的生活经历，以及买断对受影响、非参与家庭和社区的二次影响。参与者将被要求完成深度访谈（旨在收集关于生活经历和收购或重建过程的感知影响的数据）和调查（旨在比较和纵向地检查与社会资本和地方依恋相关的指标）。数据将进行分析，以检查与谁和在什么情况下房屋买断计划是有益的。研究结果将为灾后重新安置的当前理论提供信息，并有助于制定和实施有效的买断政策和计划。

After a natural disaster, residents may find their homes damaged or destroyed. When this happens, they sometimes choose or are forced to permanently move to new communities. In some cases people relocate with help from home buyout programs, which allow homeowners to sell their homes to the state. By moving residents out of areas that are at risk for disasters, buyout programs may improve the safety, health, and well-being of communities. They may also guard against expensive losses from future disasters. But as of now, it is not clear if buyout programs reduce risk or improve the well-being of residents in the long run. There may even be negative consequences for residents who participate in a buyout program. For example, moving away from your community, friends, and family can be stressful, and can have long-term social and health consequences. Because more communities in areas that are at risk for floods, hurricanes, and other disasters will be faced with relocation decisions, it will be important to make the process as effective and efficient as possible. By comparing how residents were affected by a home buyout program in three communities in New York after Hurricane Sandy, this research project will create new knowledge about how home buyout programs impact people and communities over time. Results will be used to develop recommendations for how these programs can protect communities, aid in the recovery process, and make communities more resilient to disasters and other crises. This project will move the field forward by supporting and training students and early career researchers in disaster policy and planning. Results and recommendations will be shared with communities, researchers, and policymakers.Using an ecological, comparative approach, this research project employs mixed-methods to explore processes and impacts related to home buyouts over time and at multiple levels. Residents of three communities with distinctive buyout experiences (one community where most residents chose to accept a buyout, one where most chose to reject a buyout, and one non-participating community adjacent to the relocated community) will be invited to participate. Specifically, this project will examine three key dimensions of the post-disaster home buyout experience: heterogeneity of buyout decision-making within communities, lived experiences of relocation and rebuilding over time, and secondary impacts of buyouts on affected, non-participating households and communities. Participants will be asked to complete in-depth interviews (designed to gather data on the lived experiences and perceived impacts of the buyout or rebuilding process) and surveys (designed to examine indicators related to social capital and place attachment comparatively and longitudinally). Data will be analyzed to examine with whom and in what contexts home buyout programs are beneficial. Results will inform current theory on post-disaster relocation and contribute to the development and implementation of effective buyout policies and programs.