RAPID: Time Critical Preservation of Hunter-Gatherer Ethnographic Data

对仅存的为数不多的觅食(或狩猎-采集)社会进行人类学研究和记录，对于了解过去和现在人类生活方式的全面范围是至关重要的。12000年前，地球上所有的人都是觅食者；今天，只有不到百分之一的人是猎物。现代觅食者在很大程度上不同于古代觅食者；尽管如此，他们为我们提供了关于农业和工业革命带来的变革之前人类生活是什么样子的最好数据。这一快速奖项支持时间敏感的汇编、保存和出版关于坦桑尼亚哈扎族觅食者的严重濒危但非常重要的科学数据库。这些数据是人类学家弗兰克·马洛博士和他的合作者在大约400个哈扎人居住的24个营地里(1995-2005年)收集的，这些哈扎人过着觅食的生活方式。在人类行为生态学理论框架的指导下，这些数据包括营地人口普查、家庭人口普查、人体测量、生育史、焦点个体观察数据(焦点跟踪)、GPS数据、带到营地的食物记录、观察扫描、采访和高质量的电影片段。布赖恩·M·伍德博士(耶鲁大学)、科莱特·贝贝斯克博士(罗汉普顿大学)和艾丽莎·克里滕登博士(内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校)接受过马洛博士的培训，并与马洛博士一起工作，他们将汇编、编目、编码马洛·哈德扎的所有材料，并为保存做准备，然后现在和将来通过公共数据目录向其他学者提供这些材料。

The anthropological study and documentation of the few remaining foraging (or, hunter-gatherer) societies is essential for understanding the full range of past and present human ways of life. 12,000 years ago, all people on earth were foragers; today, fewer than one-hundredth of one percent are. Modern foragers differ in significant ways from ancient foragers; nonetheless, they provide us the best data we have on what human life was like before the transformations wrought by the agricultural and industrial revolutions. This RAPID award supports the time sensitive compilation, preservation, and publication of a critically endangered but highly significant corpus of scientific data on Hadza foragers in Tanzania. The data were collected over two decades (1995-2005) by anthropologist Dr. Frank Marlowe and his collaborators in the 24 camps occupied by the approximately 400 Hadza who maintained a forager way of life. Guided by the theoretical framework of human behavioral ecology, these data include camp censuses, household censuses, anthropometry, reproductive histories, focal individual observation data ("focal follows"), GPS data, records of food brought to camp, observational scans, interviews, and high quality film footage. Dr. Brian M. Wood (Yale University), Dr. Colette Berbesque (Roehampton University), and Dr. Alyssa Crittenden (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), who were trained by and worked alongside Dr. Marlowe, will compile, catalogue, code, and prepare for preservation all of the Marlowe Hadza materials, which will then be made available to other scholars now and in the future through a public data catalogue.