Searches for Astrophysical Neutrino Sources with IceCube

深埋在南极冰盖中的冰立方中微子天文台（ICNO）是世界上最大、最灵敏的高能中微子望远镜。它是一个10亿吨级的探测器，使用南极冰作为高能大气和天体物理中微子的探测介质。冰立方观测到的大多数中微子的能量都在大气中微子的预期范围内，这些中微子来自银河系附近区域的宇宙射线在大范围的空气簇射中产生的粒子衰变。这些可以用来测量中微子的基本性质。在更高的能量下，天体物理学中微子是高能宇宙的关键探测器。由于其独特的性质，中微子甚至可以逃离密集的区域，不会被银河系或银河系外的磁场偏转，并且可以不受阻碍地穿越充满光子的宇宙。因此，中微子提供了关于可能是高能宇宙射线起源的强大宇宙物体的动力学和内部的直接信息：超新星，黑洞，超新星，活动星系核和其他极端的河外现象。该奖项将为德雷克塞尔大学的天体粒子中微子计划提供资金。目标是通过开发新技术和分析来解决中微子源，并将其应用于南部天空的新分析，这个半球传统上对冰立方来说是一个挑战，因为在没有地球作为屏障的情况下，大气层中产生的背景会到达探测器（与北方天空研究的情况一样）14.冰立方实验非常适合产生更广泛的影响，因为它所处的地理位置和它所涵盖的科学主题多种多样，但又易于理解。这里概述的计划将继续为本科研究提供广泛的机会。PI将继续通过物理系和外部团体（如科学女性协会费城分会）进行指导。她长期致力于公共宣传，这将适用于德雷克塞尔大学和大费城地区提供的许多机会。该小组正在计划一种创新的方法来执行迄今为止最敏感的银河资源搜索。它还将进行两项新的分析：一项侧重于使用大气中微子测量北方天空中的大尺度宇宙射线各向异性，另一项侧重于测试活动星系核（AGN）核心的高能中微子发射模型。PI的长期兴趣是发展中微子天文学，使中微子可以成为多信使天文学的一个组成部分。

Embedded deep in the ice cap at the South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory (ICNO) is the world's largest and most sensitive high energy neutrino telescope. It is a 1 billion-ton detector using the Antarctic ice as a detection medium for high energy atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos. Most of the neutrinos observed by IceCube exhibit energies in the range expected for atmospheric neutrinos originating from decays of particles produced in extensive air showers by cosmic rays coming from nearby sectors of the Milky Way Galaxy. These may be used to measure the fundamental properties of neutrinos. At higher energies, astrophysical neutrinos are key probes of the high-energy universe. Because of their unique properties, neutrinos escape even dense regions, are not deflected by galactic or extra-galactic magnetic fields and traverse the photon-filled universe unhindered. Thus, neutrinos provide direct information about the dynamics and interiors of the powerful cosmic objects that may be the origins of high energy cosmic rays: supernovae, black holes, pulsars, active galactic nuclei and other extreme extragalactic phenomena. This award will provide funding for an astroparticle neutrino program at Drexel University. The goal is to resolve neutrino sources by developing new techniques and analyses to be applied to a new analysis in the southern sky, a hemisphere that has traditionally been a challenge for IceCube because of backgrounds created in the atmosphere reaching the detector without the Earth to act as a shield (as is the case for the northern sky studies).The IceCube experiment is well suited for making a broader impact given its geographical location and the diverse yet accessible science topics it covers. The program outlined here will continue to provide a wide range of opportunities for undergraduate research. The PI will continue her mentoring efforts through the physics department, and external groups such as the Philadelphia chapter of the Association for Women In Science. She has a long record of commitment to public outreach that will be applied to the many opportunities that Drexel University and the greater Philadelphia region offer.The group is planning an innovative approach to perform the most sensitive search of Galactic sources to date. It will also perform two new analyses: one focused on measuring the large scale cosmic ray anisotropy in the northern sky using atmospheric neutrinos, and another on testing a high-energy neutrino emission model from the cores of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). The PI's longer term interest is to develop neutrino astronomy so that neutrinos can become an integral part of multi-messenger astronomy.