An Integrated Approach Combining Compositional, Interfacial Material Engineering, and Characterization to Investigate the Complex Hysteresis Instability in Perovskite Solar Cells

非技术描述：光伏的大规模部署需要在柔性基板上以负担得起和可扩展的工艺制造可靠器件的解决方案。该项目旨在解决复杂的可靠性问题，这些问题影响到新兴的钙钛矿型光伏电池的稳定电力输出和寿命。这项提议中涉及的跨学科研究同时解决了下一代光伏的可扩展性挑战和技术转化。拟议的研究有可能通过开发促进可持续能源生产的技术以及对各级学生和社区成员进行教育而产生重大的社会影响。通过研究生辅导和外展，该项目加强了对可持续能源发电、材料设计和光伏设备工程的基本了解，使本科生、K-12学生和社区教育得以实现。通过与清洁能源研究所、密歇根州立大学MSE系和该大学的合作，它有助于扩大社区影响，并将研究生培养成科学、教育和技术翻译方面的高能力领导者。技术说明：拟议的研究使用一种独特的集成方法来设计合适的材料和设备接口，以直接解决钙钛矿型太阳能电池的滞后问题，这是可能阻止基于钙钛矿型太阳能技术的大规模实施的最重要挑战之一。为了解决具有挑战性的和复杂的磁滞问题，拟议的研究(1)在同时解决钙钛矿块体和界面的磁滞问题的同时，研究磁滞背后的原因和机制，(2)通过制备新型的钙钛矿固溶体和新的合金元素(如铋)来改善钙钛矿固有的杂化性能，以及(3)加强对钙钛矿器件磁滞以及控制它的材料和界面结构-性能关系的基本理解。系统的方法首先需要通过模型系统建立基本的材料和界面结构-性能关系，然后实施这些设计规则，以实现高效、可靠、几乎没有滞后的钙钛矿型太阳能电池。低温、溶液可加工材料的应用使得制造大面积和稳定的钙钛矿型太阳能电池能够方便地转换到柔性基板上。

Nontechnical Description: The large-scale deployment of photovoltaics requires solutions for reliable devices fabricated on flexible substrates with affordable and scalable processes. This project aims at addressing complex reliability issues that affect stable electrical output and lifetime of emerging perovskite photovoltaics. The interdisciplinary research entailed in this proposal simultaneously addresses the scalability challenge and the technological translation for next generation photovoltaics. The proposed research has a potential for significant societal impact through the development of enabling technology for sustainable energy generation and the education of students and community members at all levels. Through graduate student mentorship and outreach, this project enhances fundamental understanding of sustainable energy generation, materials design, and photovoltaic device engineering to enable undergraduates, K-12 students, and community education. By collaborating with the Clean Energy Institute, the UW MSE department, and the university, it helps broaden community impact and train graduate students to be highly capable leaders in science, education, and technology translation.Technical Description: The proposed research uses a unique, integrated approach to design suitable materials and device interfaces to directly address perovskite solar cell hysteresis, one of the most important challenges that may prevent large-scale implementation of perovskite-based solar technology. To solve the challenging and complex hysteresis problems, the proposed research (1) investigates the origin and mechanisms behind hysteresis while simultaneously addressing them at the perovskite bulk and interfaces, (2) modifies intrinsic hybrid perovskite properties through fabrication of novel perovskite solid solutions with new alloying elements like bismuth, and (3) enhances fundamental understanding of perovskite device hysteresis as well as the material and interface structure-property relationships governing it. The systematic approach entails first establishing essential material and interfacial structure-property relationships through model systems followed by implementing these design rules to realize efficient and reliable perovskite solar cells with little to no hysteresis. The application of low-temperature, solution processable materials enables the facile translation to flexible substrates for fabricating large-area and stable perovskite solar cells.