GOALI: SusChEM: Experimental Investigation of Chloramine and Persulfate Aqueous Photochemistry and Development of Efficient Ultraviolet-Based Water Treatment

在这个由美国国家科学基金会化学分部环境化学科学项目资助的项目中，加州大学河滨分校（UCR）的刘海洲教授和奥兰治县水区（OCWD）的Ken Ishida博士正在研究废水中微量有机污染物的紫外（UV）光驱动高级氧化过程（AOP）。AOP过程使用两种氧化剂：氯胺和过硫酸盐来去除水中的污染物。本研究的基本假设是这两种氧化剂在紫外光下产生独特的反应物质。优化了溶液化学条件（例如pH值、氯化物和碳酸氢盐浓度），以最大限度地降解污染物，并最大限度地减少紫外线水处理系统所需的能量。该项目促进了严重缺水地区（美国西南部）的大学-工业伙伴关系。这一合作将成为开发高效、具有成本效益和可持续的水再利用技术的典范，帮助水务行业建立智能基础设施，使我们的社会为水的可持续发展做好准备，并最终保护公众健康。这项研究通过加速大学和工业界之间的新知识转移，提高了美国在水务部门的技术竞争力。这项研究的目标符合美国国家工程院的大挑战之一——提供清洁的水。多工具研究策略促进了我们对废水中微量有机污染物的光化学和命运的理解，并促进了高效氧化剂在基于紫外线的水回用技术中的应用。这个项目的变革性源于计算动力学建模、实验室规模实验和OCWD先进水净化设施中试规模调查的结合。对UV/AOP的理解主要局限于羟基自由基为主的系统。对胺、硫酸盐和卤化物反应性的认识仅限于大气气溶胶、河口或地下水修复系统，而不是工程紫外线处理。这项研究代表了对UV/AOP中围绕自由基化学的传统智慧的挑战。研究人员从加州大学洛杉矶分校招募了一名研究生和少数族裔本科生，在加州大学洛杉矶分校实验室和OCWD工作。此外,Drs。刘、石田和学生们通过在水处理设施进行讲座和互动活动，向当地高中生介绍工业专业。

In this project funded by the Environmental Chemical Sciences Program in the Chemistry Division at the National Science Foundation, Professor Haizhou Liu of the University of California, Riverside (UCR) and Dr. Ken Ishida of Orange County Water District (OCWD) are investigating the ultraviolet (UV) light-driven advanced oxidation process (AOP) of trace organic contaminants in wastewater. The AOP process uses two oxidants: chloramine and persulfate to remove contamination in the water. The underlying hypothesis of this research is that the two oxidants produce unique reactive species under UV light. The solution chemical conditions (e.g., pH, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations) are optimized to maximize contaminant degradation and minimize the energy required by the UV-based water treatment system. This project promotes university-industry partnerships in a severely water-stressed region (Southwest U.S.). The collaboration serves as a model to develop efficient, cost-effective and sustainable water reuse technologies, helps the water industry with smart infrastructure, prepares our society for water sustainability, and ultimately protects public health. This research enhances U.S. technological competitiveness in the water sector by accelerating new knowledge transfer between the university and industry.The research goal fits one of the National Academy of Engineering's Grand Challenges- provide access to clean water. The multi-tool research strategy advances our understanding of photochemistry and fate of trace organic contaminants in wastewater effluent, and promotes the application of efficient oxidants in UV-based water reuse technologies. A transformative quality of this project derives from the combination of computational kinetics modeling, lab-scale experiments, and pilot-scale investigation at the OCWD's advanced water purification facility. Understanding of the UV/AOP is mostly limited to hydroxyl radical-dominated systems. Awareness of the reactivities of amine, sulfate, and halide reactive species is confined to atmospheric aerosol, estuary or groundwater remediation systems, not engineered UV processes. This study represents research that challenges conventional wisdom surrounding radical chemistry in UV/AOP. The investigators recruit one graduate student and minority undergraduate students from UCR to work in the UCR lab and at OCWD on this research. Further, Drs. Liu and Ishida and the students introduce industrial professions to local high school students through lectures and interactive events at water treatment facilities.