EAPSI: A Developmental Analysis Across Cultures: Asymmetries in Blue-Yellow Color Perception in Infants and Adults

每个人对颜色的体验可能有很大的不同。这些差异是与大脑的先天差异更密切相关，还是与经验和学习更密切相关，人们仍在积极争论。最近的研究表明，成年人对蓝色和黄色的感知存在系统性偏差，而且他们对图像中这些颜色的感知方式也存在显著差异。这个项目将使用行为测量来检验这些知觉差异是否也存在于婴儿身上，并探索发育和经验在颜色感知中的潜在作用。这项研究将在日本中央大学与著名的婴儿感知专家山口正美博士合作进行。通过在日本设计的范式，数据也将在美国收集，以探索跨文化因素。这个项目的结果将有助于揭示视觉敏感度和颜色外观是如何由经验和这些影响的时间尺度塑造的。与其他色调相比，人类观察者对蓝色和黄色的敏感度降低。这种敏感性偏向被认为是对自然环境的适应，自然环境主要以蓝色和黄色变化为主。个人也表现出？更高的层次？它们体验蓝色和黄色的方式不同，蓝色更有可能归因于照明而不是物体。这可能再次反映了世界的习得属性(例如，阴影往往是蓝色的)。人们对这些影响是如何发展的知之甚少，这个项目将通过测试婴儿的平行颜色偏见来探索这种发展。在山口正美博士的实验室，优先观看技术被用来研究婴儿的颜色感知，这个项目将使用这项技术来评估婴儿观察者的颜色敏感度和外观。来自美国和日本的婴儿和成人的结果将被比较，以了解蓝黄轴不对称是否也受到观察员S特定视觉环境的影响。该奖项由东亚和太平洋夏季学院项目资助一名美国研究生进行夏季研究，由美国国家科学基金会和日本科学促进会共同资助。

Individuals can vary widely in their experience of color. Whether these differences are more closely tied to innate differences in the brain or to experience and learning remains actively debated. Recent studies in adults show systematic biases in the perception of blues and yellows and also striking differences in how they perceive these colors in images. This project will use behavioral measurements to examine whether these perceptual differences are also present in infants, and explore the potential role of development and experience in color perception. The research will be conducted at Chuo University in Japan in collaboration with Dr. Masami Yamaguchi, a noted expert in infant perception. With the paradigms designed in Japan, data will also be collected in the United States to explore cross-cultural factors. The results of this project will help reveal how both visual sensitivity and color appearance are shaped by experience and the timescales of these effects.Human observers show a reduced sensitivity to blue and yellow compared to other hues. This sensitivity bias is postulated to represent an adaptation to the natural environment, which varies predominantly in blue and yellow. Individuals also show ?higher-order? differences in how they experience blue and yellow, with the bluish tints more likely to be attributed to the lighting than the object. This may again reflect a learned property of the world (e.g. that shadows tend to be bluish). Little is known about how these effects develop, and this project will explore this development by testing for parallel color biases in infants. At Dr. Masami Yamaguchi's lab, preferential looking techniques are used to investigate the color perception of infants, and this project will use this technique to evaluate color sensitivity and appearance in infant observers. Results from infants and adults in the United States and Japan will be compared to inform whether the blue-yellow axis asymmetry is also influenced by the observer?s specific visual environment.This award under the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by NSF and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.