STTR Phase II: Microdevice for Rapid Blood Typing without Reagents and Hematocrit Determination

这个小企业技术转让（STTR）第二阶段项目的更广泛影响/商业潜力是开发一种便携式、低成本的血型和贫血筛查设备，用于献血中心、医院、人道主义工作和军队。这有助于社会，因为在美国，每两秒钟就有人需要血液，但只有不到4%的美国人献血。不幸的是，由于过度采集不需要的血型和相关的血型物流，所采集的血液有15-20%被浪费。美国每年采集1200万单位的血液，全世界每年采集1.08亿单位。美国血液中心面临着降低单位血液成本的巨大经济压力，因此需要减少浪费的工具和策略。每品脱血液的单位成本接近200美元，因此该设备提供了按血型预先筛选献血者的能力，并有选择地指导捐赠过程（即血浆、红细胞），以减少血液制品浪费，更好地满足医院需求。这种便携式技术也可以应用于偏远地区的救灾应用。潜在的经济节约有可能达到4亿美元，并将有助于降低美国医疗保健的总体成本。拟议的项目将促进跨多个领域的知识。它适应了微流体和使用电场来表征细胞的知识，以识别负责ABO-Rh血型的血细胞的分子表达。这个项目推进了使用电场来快速测量细胞浓度。本项目开发用于实时跟踪细胞群运动的软件，这在许多细胞显微镜应用中具有很高的价值。该项目还采用了先进的模式识别工具，如机器学习，从细胞行为中提取更多信息。这项工作还通过关键应用将统计分析从静态人口手段扩展到功能数据分析-一个处于起步阶段的领域。最后，设备和电子工程将在“简单就是最好”的原则下发展，从而减少潜在的故障点，降低制造成本。这项工作促进了科学知识的发展，并将在获得更多知识产权后发表和广泛传播。它也是一种强大的替代昂贵的抗原/抗体分子识别反应（即传统的血型），用于医学筛查和诊断，用于未来的护理点诊断应用。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Phase II project is the development of a portable, low cost blood typing and anemia screening device for use in blood donation centers, hospitals, humanitarian efforts and the military. This helps society because every two seconds in United States someone needs blood, yet less than 4% of Americans donate blood. Unfortunately, 15-20% of blood collected is wasted due to over collection of unneeded blood types and related blood type logistics. 12 million units of blood are collected annually in US with 108 million units worldwide. U.S. blood centers are under significant economic pressures to reduce per unit blood costs and thus waste reduction tools and strategies are in demand. Blood unit costs approach $200 per pint of blood, so this device provides the ability to pre-screen donors by blood type and selectively direct the donation process (i.e. plasma, red cells) to reduce blood product waste and better match supply with hospital demand. This portable technology could also be translated to remote geographical locations for disaster relief applications. The potential economic savings has the potential to be $400M and will contribute to reducing the overall cost of U.S. health care.The proposed project will advance knowledge across multiple fields. It adapts knowledge in microfluidics and the use of electric fields to characterize cells to identify the molecular expression on blood cells responsible for ABO-Rh blood type. This project advances the use of electric fields to rapidly measure cell concentration. This project develops software for real time tracking of cell population motion, which is highly valuable in many cell microscopy applications. This project also adapts advanced pattern recognition tools like machine learning to extract even more information from the cell behaviors. This work also extends statistical analysis from static population means to analysis of functional data - a field in its infancy - via a critical application. Finally, the device and electronics engineering will advance under the principle that "simple is best", leading to fewer potential failure points and less costly manufacture. This work advances scientific knowledge and will be published and widely disseminated after securing additional IP. It is also a powerful alternative to expensive antigen/antibody molecular recognition reactions (i.e. traditional blood typing) for medical screening and diagnosis for future point of care diagnostic applications.